仓库管理系统外文文献

InternationalJournalofComputerApplications(0975–8887)Volume54–No.1,September201214ImpactofWarehouseManagementSysteminaSupplyChainRamaa.ARVCEDept.ofIndustrialEnggandManagement,RVCE,B’lore.K.N.SubramanyaRVCEDept.ofIndustrialEnggandManagement,RVCE,B’loreT.M.RangaswamyRVCEDept.ofIndustrialEnggandManagement,RVCE,B’lore.ABSTRACTInasupplychain,warehousingfunctionisverycriticalasitactsasanodeinlinkingthematerialflowsbetweenthesupplierandcustomer.Intoday’scompetitivemarketenvironmentcompaniesarecontinuouslyforcedtoimprovetheirwarehousingoperations.Manycompanieshavealsocustomizedtheirvaluepropositiontoincreasetheircustomerservicelevels,whichhasledtochangesintheroleofwarehouses.ThispaperhighlightsthefindingsofthestudycarriedouttoevaluateperformancelevelsandenhanceproductivityofthemanualwarehousesbydevelopingaWMSframeworkandcostbenefitanalysis.GeneralTermsSupplychain,WarehouseManagementsystem.KeywordsWarehousemanagementsystem,supplychain,costbenefitanalysis,valuestreammapping.1.INTRODUCTIONAwarehouseisafacilityinthesupplychaintoconsolidateproductstoreducetransportationcost,achieveeconomiesofscaleinmanufacturingorinpurchasing[1]orprovidevalue-addedprocessesandshortenresponsetime[2].Warehousinghasalsobeenrecognizedasoneofthemainoperationswherecompaniescanprovidetailoredservicesfortheircustomersandgaincompetitiveadvantage.Therearevarioustypesofwarehouses:theycanbeclassifiedintoproductionwarehousesanddistributioncenters[3]andbytheirrolesinthesupplychaintheycanbeclassifiedasrawmaterialswarehouses,work-in-processwarehouses,finishedgoodwarehouses,distributionwarehouses,fulfillmentwarehouses,localwarehousesdirecttocustomerdemand,andvalue-addedservicewarehouses[4].Fig1.TypicalwarehousefunctionsAsmentionedabovetheheterogeneouswarehouseshavedifferentoperations.However,mostofthemsharesomegeneralpatternofmaterialflow,andtypicalwarehouseoperationsinclude:receiving,putaway,internalreplenishment,orderpicking,accumulatingandsorting,packing,crossdocking,andshipping(Figure-1)[5]Warehouseshavebeengoingthroughvariouschallengessuchas–supplychainsarebecomingmoreintegratedandshorter,globalizedoperation,customersaremoredemandingandtechnologychangesareoccurringrapidly.Inordertocopeupwiththesechallengesorganizationsareadoptinginnovativeapproachessuchaswarehousemanagementsystem.AwarehousemanagementsystemorWMSprimarilyaimstocontrolthemovementandstorageofmaterialswithinawarehouseandprocesstheassociatedtransactions,includingshipping,receiving,put-awayandpicking.Awarehousemanagementsystem(WMS)isadatabasedrivencomputerapplication,toimprovetheefficiencyofthewarehousebydirectingcutawaysandtomaintainaccurateinventorybyrecordingwarehousetransactions.Thesystemsalsodirectandoptimizestockbasedonreal-timeinformationaboutthestatusofbinutilization..ItoftenutilizeAutoIDDataCapture(AIDC)technology,suchasbarcodescanners,mobilecomputers,wirelessLANs(LocalAreaNetwork)andpotentiallyRadio-frequencyidentification(RFID)toefficientlymonitortheflowofproducts.Oncedatahasbeencollected,thereiseitherbatchsynchronizationwith,orareal-timewirelesstransmissiontoacentraldatabase.Thedatabasecanthenprovideusefulreportsaboutthestatusofgoodsinthewarehouse.Theprimaryfunctionofawarehousecontrolsystemistoreceiveinformationfromtheupperlevelhostsystem,mostoftenbeingthewarehousemanagementsystem,andtranslateitforthedailyoperations.Acommongoalistoensureasituationwherewarehouseemployeesneverhavetoretypeinformationbecauseitalreadyliesinonesystemoriscollectedautomatically.Warehousecontrolsystemisusuallytheinterfacethatisusedtomanageprocesses,peopleandequipmentontheoperationallevel.Basedonwarehousecontrolsystem,literaturedistinguishesthreetypesofwarehousemanagementsystems[6]:BasicWMS–Thissystemisapttosupportstockandlocationcontrolonly.Itismainlyusedtoregisterinformation.StoringandpickinginstructionsmaybegeneratedbythesystemandpossiblydisplayedonRF-terminals.Thewarehousemanagementinformationissimpleandfocusesonthroughputmainly.PutawayCrossdockingPutawayReplenishmentReplenishmentStorageinthereserveareaInspectionandreceivingShippingCasepickingBrokencasepickingSortation,AccumulationandpackingInternationalJournalofComputerApplications(0975–8887)Volume54–No.1,September201215AdvancedWMS–AbovethefunctionalityofferedbyabasicWMS,anadvancedWMSisabletoplanresourcesandactivitiestosynchronizetheflowofgoodsinthewarehouse.TheWMSfocusesonthroughput,stockandcapacityanalysis.ComplexWMS–WithacomplexWMSthewarehouseorgroupofwarehousescanbeoptimized.Informationisavailableabouteachproductintermsofwhereitislocated(trackingandtracing),whatisitsdestinationandwhy(planning,executionandcontrol).Further,acomplexsystemoffersadditionalfunctionalityliketransportation,dockdoor,andvalueaddedlogisticsplanningwhichhelptooptimizethewarehouseoperationsasawhole.WarehousemanagementsystemscanbestandalonesystemsormodulesofanERP(EnterpriseResourcePlanning)systemorsupplychainexecutionsuite.TheprimarypurposeofaWMSistocontrolthemovementandstorageofmaterialswithinawarehouse.TheWMScanbedeployedasapaper-based,RF/wirelessbasedorcombinationofbot