11MeasureStep02A(IntrotoSPC)（英文版）

1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialIntroductiontoStatisticalProcessControl(SPC)1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialYaxis=Weight(lbs)10.5109.5Process=HoseFourImportantProperties:(1)Centering(2)Spread(3)Shape(4)StabilityOverTime1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidential5ft4ft3ft2ft1ft0ft1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidential5ft4ft3ft2ft1ft0ft1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidential5ft4ft3ft2ft1ft0ftTimeWhathaschanged?Centering?______Spread?______4.03.02.01gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidential5ft4ft3ft2ft1ft0ftWhathaschanged?Centering?______Spread?______Time1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidential5ft4ft3ft2ft1ft0ftWhathaschanged?Centering?______Spread?______Time1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialAvgSpreadAvgSpreadAvgSpreadAvgSpreadStable?Yes/No1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialDetective-WorkforaStableProcess-TrackingtheYandX’sSimultaneously:Relationships-ActivevsPassiveDetective-Work-TheMulti-VariStudy:MechanicsExampleDetective-WorkforanUnstableProcess-TrackingtheY:BehaviorChange=LearningOpportunity-CommunicateSPCEffectively:Intuitive-VisualApproach-GettheRight“Meaning”FromYourData(SignalVSNoise)-Bubba:OntheStraightandNarrowPath?-InventoryManagement-TheGoalDMAIC=Doctor’sDetective-work-HotelDetective-Work(Temptingtojumptoconclusions/solutions?)Strategy#1Strategy#2WhatDataToTrackPerformance(Y’s)?-HospitalTransactions(Wheretoshovethe“Thermometers”togetdata?)NextAnalyzePhase=Diagnosis:Y=f(X,X,X,X,...,X)1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidential•Bubbaisknownas“ThestraightestdriverinCrickCounty”.•OneeveningatCharlie’sBar,heboasted,”Idrivesostraight,evenaquartofMoonshinewon’tthrowmeofftarget”•Fed-up,Juniortoldhimto“puthismoneywherehismouthis”--a$100bet.•TheyselectedCharlie,thebarowner,tobetheimpartialgumdropper.TheScene:1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialCharlie:TheImpartialMediatorWarm,sticky,pre-chewedgum1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialYoumakethecall:DidBubbastaystraightorloose$100?Juniorsays,“Mygosh,itlookslikeyouwereswervingallovertheplacerightfromthebeginning!”“Where’smy$100?”1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialCONSIDERTHIS...Whydothepiecesofgumnotlandattheexactsamelocation?Warm,sticky,pre-chewedgum...evenwhenCharlieistryinghisbest!1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidential-Natural“Aim-to-AimVariation”(duetoCharlie)SourcesofVariationTodevelopcommonterminology,fornow,let’ssimplycallthis“Aim-to-AimVariation”1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialNowwhatdoyouthink:DidBubbastaystraightorloose$100?Wouldn’titbehelpfultohavesomewayofseparatingthesteeringvariationfromthenatural,inherent“Aim-to-Aim”Variation?1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialSourcesofVariation:-NaturalAim-to-AimVariationWecanstrategicallyusethisnatural,unavoidablevariation(i.e.,thespreadwidth)asatoolfordetectingshiftsinthetruck’scentering.TheControlChartApproach1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialFirst,selectthespreadthatwewilldeclareasthe“BaselineBehavior”.Here,wewillselect“NaturalAimVariation”.Then,determineboundariesorlimitsthatshouldcontainvirtuallyall(say99.7%)ofthe“wiggling”(thatis,ifCharlie’sAimcontinuestobetheonlySourceofVariationpresent).Supposethatwheneveranypointlandsoutsidethese“controllimits”,analarmwillsound.Likeusinga“Squelch”toseparateSignalsfromtheNoise:(Settingthesquelchthresholdlevel)(Detectingasignalbeingthat’saboveandbeyondthesquelchthreshold)1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidential-AimVariation(only)SourcesofVariation-AimVariation-VariationDuetoSteeringSourcesofVariationSo,ifanyshiftsinthecenteringoccur,wewillknow!1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialThat’showcontrollimitsseparatesignalsfromnoiseUCLLCLNoevidenceofanychangesinthetrue“centering”ofthetruck.Allthe“wiggling”ofthedatapointswassimplyduetonoise.1gVersion43/016.1IntrotoSPC2001,GeneralElectricCompany,USA.AllrightsreservedGEConfidentialDetective-WorkforaStableProcess-TrackingtheYandX’sSimultaneously:Relationships-ActivevsPassiveDetective-Work-TheMulti-VariStudy:MechanicsExampleDetective-WorkforanUnstableProcess-TrackingtheY:BehaviorChange=LearningOpportunity-CommunicateSPCEffec