2015博士英语试题

1财政部财政科学研究所2015年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题PARTONE:Grammar(15points)Directions:Beloweachsentence,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesentenceorthatbestcompletesthesentence.PleasewritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegreethestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.inwhichD.towhich2.AnotherfoodcropraisedbyIndiansstrangetotheEuropeanwascalledIndiancorn.A.whowereB.thatwereC.thatwasD.whowas3.Wemovedtothenewhouseinthesuburbssothatthekidswouldhaveagarden.A.inwhichtoplayB.toplaywithC.toplayD.wheretoplay4.TherearemanycopperminesinthestateofArizona,contributessignificantlytothestate’seconomy.A.afactB.whichfactC.whosefactD.that5.Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverseitprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareproduced.A.sothatB.butthatC.inthatD.providedthat6.Nearlyalltreescontainsamixofpolymersthatcanburnlikepetroleumproperlyextracted.A.afterB.ifC.whenitD.is7.TheearlyyearsoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentwerecharacterizedbyadebateconcerningorindividualstatesshouldhavemorepower.A.whetherthefederalgovernmentB.eitherthefederalgovernmentC.thatthefederalgovernmentD.thefederalgovernment28.ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanetswithinthenext50years.A.willhavebeencontactedB.willhavecontactedC.willbecontactedD.willcontact9.Bytheyearof2025,scientistsprobablyacureforcancer.A.willbediscoveringB.arediscoveringC.willhavediscoveredD.havediscovered10.ThomasEdison’sfirstpatentedinventionwasadeviceinCongress.A.forcountingvotesB.thatcountingvotesC.countsvotesD.countedvotes11.Usingmanysymbolsmakestoputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.A.possibleB.itispossibleC.itpossibleD.thatpossible12.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completelytotheoutsideworld.A.beinglostB.havinglostC.losingD.lost13.Beefcattleofalllivestockforeconomicgrowthinthecertaingeographicregions.A.themostareimportantB.arethemostimportantC.isthemostimportantD.thataremostimportant14.advanceandretreatintheireternalrhythms,butthesurfaceoftheseaitselfisneveratrest.A.NotonlywhenthetidesdoB.AsthetidesnotonlydoC.NotonlydothetidesD.Dothetidesnotonly15.divorceourselvesfromthemassesofthepeople.A.InnotimeweshouldB.InnotimeshouldweC.AtnotimeweshouldD.AtnotimeshouldwePARTTWO:Readingcomprehension(20points)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedsentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1(5points)Thegoodnewsmadeheadlinesnationwide:Deathsfromseveralkindsofcancerhavedeclinedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Butthenewshastobebittersweetformanycancerpatientsandtheirfamilies.Everyyear,morethan500000peopleintheUnitedStatesstilldieofcancer.Infact,morethanhalfofallpatientsdiagnosedwithcancerwilldieoftheirdiseasewithinafewyears.Andwhileit’struesurvivalislongertodaythaninthepast,the3qualityoflifeforthesepatientsisoftengreatlydiminished.Cancer–andmanyofthetreatmentsusedtofightit-causespain,nausea,fatigue,andanxietythatroutinelygoundertreatedoruntreated.Inthenation’ssingle-mindedfocusoncuringcancer,wehaveinadvertentlydevaluedthecriticalneedforpalliativecare,whichfocusesonalleviatingphysicalandpsychologicalsymptomsoverthecourseofthedisease.Nothingwouldhaveagreaterimpactonthedailylivesofcancerpatientsandtheirfamiliesthangoodsymptomcontrolandsupportivetherapy.YettheNationalCancerInstitute(NCI),thefederalgovernment’sleaderincancerresearchandtraining,spentlessthanonepercentofits1999budgetonanyaspectofresearchortraininginpalliativecare.Thenationneedstogetseriousaboutreducingneedlesssuffering.NCIshouldcommittoandfundresearchaimedatimprovingsymptomcontrolandpalliativecare.NCIalsocoulddesignate“centersofexcellence”amongthecancercentersitrecognizes.Togetthatdesignation,centerswoulddeliverinnovative,top-qualitypalliativecaretoallsegmentsofthepopulationsthecentersserve;trainprofessionalsinmedicine,nursing,psychology,socialwork,andotherdisciplinestoprovidepalliativecare;andconductresearch.Insurancecoverageforpalliativeandhospicecarealsocontributestotheproblembyforcingpeopletochoosebetweentreatmentorhospicecare.This“either/or”approachdoesnotreadilyallowthesetwotypesofessentialcaretobeintegrated.TheMedicarehospicebenefitisdesignedspecificallyforpeopleinthefinalstagesofillnessandallowsenrollmentonlyifpatientsareexpectedtosurvivesixmonthsorless.Thebenefitexcludespatientsfromseekingbothpalliativecareandpotentiallylife-extendingtreatment.Thatmakeshospiceenrollmentanobviousdeterrentformanypatients.Andhospices,whichmayhavethemostskilledpractitionersandthemostexperienceinadministeringpalliativecare,cannotoffertheirservicestopeoplewhocouldreallybenefitbutstillarepursuingactivetreatment.Itisinnatelyhumantocomfortandprovidecaretothosesufferingfromcancer,particularlythoseclosetodeath.Yetwhatseemsself-evidentatanindividual,personallevelhasnotguidedpolicyatthelevelofinstitutionsinthiscountry.Deathisinevitable,butse