:2002-09-09: 1004-227X(2002)06-0027-07、宋曰海, 郭忠诚, 李爱莲, 张欢(昆明理工大学材料表面精饰与改性研究所,云南昆明 650093):综述了铝及其合金阳极氧化、电解着色及封闭的研究、应用现状及工艺改进。着重介绍了铝阳极氧化,包括普通阳极氧化、硬质阳极氧化和微弧阳极氧化。介绍了微弧阳极氧化陶瓷膜的性能及工艺改进,针对铝阳极氧化在今后的研究方向提出了建议。:铝; 铝合金; 阳极氧化; 电解着色; 封闭:TQ153.6;TG174.453 :ACurrentstatusanddevelopmenttrendofanodicoxidation,coloringandsealingofaluminumanditsalloysSONGYue-hai,GUOZhong-cheng,LIAi-lian,ZHANGHuan(Inst.ofSurf.FinishingandModificationofMaterials,KunmingUniv.ofTechnol.,Kunming650093,China)Abstract:Applicationanddevelopmentofanodicoxidation,electrolyticcoloringandsealingofaluminumanditsalloyswerereviewed.Emphasiswasplacedonanodicoxidationofaluminumanditsalloys,includingcon-ventionalanodicoxidation,hardanodicoxidationandmicro-arcoxidation.Propertiesoftheceramiccoatingsobtainedbymicro-arcanodicoxidationweredescribed,modificationoftheprocesswasdescribed,andsugges-tionsweregivenforthestudyofanodicoxidationofaluminumanditsalloysinfuture.Keywords:aluminum;aluminumalloy;anodicoxidation;electrolyticcoloring;sealing1 /,、,。,、,,,,,。,,、。。。、、,·27·200212 216 。,,,,、。2 2.1 Al2O3,,Al2O3。,:。,、。、、,。2.1.1 宽温快速阳极氧化[1]23℃,25℃,、、、,,:(ρ=1.84g/cm3)150-200g/L(160g/L)CK-LY20-35g/L(30g/L)0.5-20g/L(5g/L)CK-LY,,,;,,。,,,,30℃,21℃;,。2.1.2 硼酸-硫酸阳极氧化[2]-。-:45g/LH2SO4+8g/LH3BO3。:ASTMB137(),:20g/LCrO3+35mL/LH3PO4。2.1.3 其它方面工艺的改进[3],,,,,。。,,、,。30,,、,。2.2 ,,(400-6000kg/mm2,1500kg/mm2),、(2050℃),、,。2.2.1 硫酸硬质阳极氧化,,。,。2.2.2 混合酸常温硬质阳极氧化,,,,·28· Dec.2002 Electroplating & Finishing Vol.21No.610-20℃,。10-20℃,;,,,,、、,,。2.2.3 脉冲硬质阳极氧化,,,、、、,3。1。1 (kg/mm2)300(20℃)650(20℃)CASS9(h)848(s)250150025%(10μm)1%~4%(10μm)2.2.4 铸铝合金硬质阳极氧化[4](7%),ZL10210%-13%,,,,。,,ZL102。,,[4]:(ρ=1.84g/cm3)15-40g/L20g/LMY2.5-5.0g/L3-6A/dm260min0℃MY,Al3+。,,,。,。[5]:(ρ=1.84g/cm3)120-160g/L7-8g/L1.0∶1.32.5-3.5A/dm20℃50min,。,、。2.2.5 低压硬质阳极氧化[6],,,(Ra0.08-0.16)。,,:(ρ=1.84g/cm3)220-240g/LT-2-2℃t180minDA0.8-1.0A/dm2≤40V:20min,0.8-1.0A/dm2,。,MIL-A-8625FDPS11.02,·29·200212 216 、、、。:。3 ,。、。。。,。。,,,。,。、、、、、。,,,,,。。,。,;、、,,,。3.1 3.1.1 铝合金表面着亮黑色工艺[7],,。:30%SnSO4,30%NiSO4,15%CuSO4。,,50Hz220V8V,10min,。3.1.2 阳极化铝光干涉电解着色工艺[8],,,,。L2(2,99.6%)LD31(6063),L250mm×50mm×1mm,LD3125mm×25mm,1.3mm,0.68dm2;,H2SO4(ρ=1.84g/cm3)180g/L,18℃,1.2-1.4A/dm2,30min,12-14μm;;:SnSO416g/L,H2SO414g/L,16g/L,18-20℃,12-14V,Cu-Ni,、、。3.2 [9] ,。、()。,、、、。。4 、、,。,、、;、、。·30· Dec.2002 Electroplating & Finishing Vol.21No.64.1 4.1.1 沸水和蒸汽封闭,。,。,“”。,,。,100-110℃,30min,,,。4.1.2 重铬酸盐封闭,,,。,,,,,。5%-10%,90-95℃,30min,。4.2 4.2.1 常温封闭的研究[10]、,。:5-8g/L1-1.5g/L0.3-0.5g/LA3g/LpH5.5-6.5T25-60℃t10-15min。,、、、。,。4.2.2 水解盐封闭法[11],。,,,,。:NiSO4·7H2O4-5g/LCoSO4·7H2O0.5-0.8g/LH3BO34-5g/LNaAc·3H2O4-6g/LpH4-6T80-85℃t15-20min,。4.3 ,,。,Al、Ti、Ta,,,、,。,105,8000K,。,,。,,、。,,,、、、、·31·200212 216 。4.3.1 微弧阳极氧化陶瓷膜层的性能研究[12],(ZL108)。:※※※※。。:,80V,230V。,,。,。,,8A/dm2,。,3-4。4.3.2 微弧阳极氧化技术的改进4.3.2.1 微弧氧化自润滑陶瓷覆层[13],。。,ZL108,,。,,,0.8-1.20.2-0.5,,。4.3.2.2 微弧氧化陶瓷层石墨相,,ZL108,NaOH,,40℃。。,ZL108,,。5 。EOE-88,,300,。,3-13.3Hz“”,、。12μm。,、Fe3O4、CrO2、TiO2,Al2O3、SiC、SiN(),。、、,,、。,,,,。:Al2O3H3PO4,。,,,。,,,10,,。:[1] ,.·32· Dec.2002 Electroplating & Finishing Vol.21No.6[J].,2000,21(3):25-26.[2] ,.-[J].,2000,22(6):8-11.[3] ,,,.[J].,1999,21(1):5.[4] ,,.[J].,1996,29(5):13-15.[5] ,,,.[J].,1998,31(9):15.[6] .[J].,2000,20(5):28-30.[7] ,,,.[J].,2000,22(6):5-7.[8] ,,.[J].,1996,29(1):7-9.[9] .[J].,1999,21(4):1-4.[10] .[J].,2002,22(2):23-24.[11] .[J].,1999,32(9):17-18.[12] ,,.[J].,2001,34(1):17-18.[13] ,,.[J].,2000,33(5):51-52.、:!,、:()!,,。,,,,……,。,:,、、X、,;,、;,;,;,……(),! :5399A6 :201707 :021-39202066,39202068 :021-69210202·33·200212 216