unit 8 Insurance

Unit8InsuranceIntroductionThereareallkindsofrisksininternationaltrade.Insuranceisnecessaryasittransfersthemtotheinsurancecompany.insured:被保险人insurer:保险人premium:保险费Perilsrefertorisksthatoccuratsea.Theyareusuallythosecausesoverwhichthecaptainofavesselhasnocontrol.Perilsaremainlydividedintotwokinds:generalperilsofthesea（一般海上风险）andextraneousrisks（外来风险）.Perils风险Generalperilsoftheseaincludenaturalcalamities（自然灾害）likestorm,flood,heavyweather,earthquake,tsunami,lightning,etc;andfortuitousaccidents（意外事故）likebeinggrounded,stranded,sunk,orincollisionwithfloatingiceorotherobjects,aswellasfire,orexplosion,etc.Perils风险Perils风险Extraneousrisksareriskscausedbyextraneousreasons,consistingofgeneralextraneousrisksandspecialextraneousrisks.Generalextraneousrisks:theftorpilferage,rain,shortage,contamination,leakage,breakage,taintofodor,rusting,hooking,etc.偷窃，雨淋，短量，玷污，渗漏，破碎，串味，锈损，钩损等Specialextraneousrisks:warrisks,strikes,non-deliveryofcargo,refusaltoreceivecargo,etc.战争，罢工，交货不到，拒收等风险Perils海上风险Generalperilsofthesea外来风险Extraneousrisks自然灾害Naturalcalamities意外事故Fortuitousaccidents一般外来风险Generalextraneousrisks特殊外来风险SpecialextraneousrisksPerils风险LossesMarinelossesarethedamagesorlossesoftheinsuredgoodsincurredbyperilsofthesea.Accordingtotheextentofthedamage,lossesinmarineinsurancefallintototallossandpartialloss.Losses海损TotalLoss(全部损失)PartialLoss(部分损失)实际全损(ActualT.S)推定全损(constructiveT.S)共同海损(GeneralAverage)单独海损(ParticularAverage)TotallossTotallossreferstothelossoftheentireshipmentcausedbytheoccurrenceofoneoftheperilsofthesea,fire,orsomeotherreasons.由于海难，火灾或其他原因引起的全部运输货物的损失，灭失或全部变质，或不可能归还被保险人。PartialLossPartiallossreferstothelossofpartofaconsignment.货物的损失只是部分的。Accordingtodifferentcauses,partiallosscanbegeneralaverageandparticularaverage.由于损失的原因不同，可分为共同海损和单独海损.共同海损GeneralAverage—G.A.共同海损是指载货船舶在航行途中遇到威胁船，货共同安全的自然灾害和意外事故，为了维护船货的共同安全或使航程得以继续完成，有意识地、合理地采取措施而造成的特殊损失或支出的额外费用。共同海损的牺牲和费用均为使船舶、货物和运费免于遭受损失而支出的。因而，不论损失与费用大小，都应由船方、货主和付运费方按最后获救价值共同按比例分摊。单独海损ParticularAverage—P.A.单独海损是指仅涉及船舶及货物所有人单方面利益的损失。由风险直接导致的船舶或货物本身的部分损失是特定利益方的损失由特定利益方自行承担MainCategoriesofGeneralMarineInsuranceAccordingtoPeople’sInsuranceofChinaOceanMarineCargoClauses,theinsuranceismainlyclassifiedinto:BasicInsuranceCoverage基本险Freefromparticularaverage(FPA)平安险，不保单独海损险Withparticularaverage(WPA)水渍险，可保单独海损险Allrisks一切险AdditionalInsuranceCoverage附加险BasicInsuranceCoverage（一）平安险FreefromParticularAverage--FPA承保除了由自然灾害（naturalcalamity)造成的单独海损以外的海上风险所造成的一切损失和费用。由于自然灾害造成的整批货物的全部损失。由于搁浅，触角，沉没，互撞或与其他物体碰撞及失火爆炸等意外事故所造成的货物全部或部分损失。全损意外事故引起的单独海损自然灾害引起的单独海损一次航程中既有自然灾害也有意外事故G.A.共同海损海上风险F.P.A.平安险BasicInsuranceCoverage（二）水渍险WithParticularAverage--W.P.A.除包括“平安险”保险责任范围外，还包括被保险货物由于恶劣天气，雷电，海啸，地震，洪水等自然灾害所造成的部分损失。水渍险＝平安险＋自然灾害造成的货物的单独海损水渍险=平安险FPA+自然灾害引起的单独海损P.A.意外事故引起的单独海损自然灾害引起的单独海损海上风险全损G.A.共同海损WithParticularAverage--W.P.A.BasicInsuranceCoverage（三）一切险AllRisks—A.R.承保范围水渍险承保范围一般外来风险造成的全部或部分损失一切险＝水渍险＋11种一般外来险基本险中承保范围最大的一种一切险=水渍险+一般外来原因造成的损失（一般附加险）水渍险一般外来风险AllRisksAdditionalInsuranceCoverage附加险承保由外来风险引起的损失对基本险的扩大和补充不能单独投保，只能在投保了基本险后才可以加保加保的附加险可以是一种或几种GeneralAdditionalCoverage一般附加险Generaladditionalcoverageincludes:偷窃、提货不着险淡水雨淋险短量险混杂、沾污险渗漏险碰损、破碎险串味险受潮、受热险钩损险包装破裂险锈损险SpecialAdditionalRisk特殊附加险Specialadditionalcoverageincludes:交货不到险进口关税险拒收险黄曲霉素险海关检验险罢工险战争险附加险不可单独投保一般附加险已包括在一切险内保险金额的确定保险金额是保险人承担赔偿或者给付保险金责任的最高限额，也是保险人计算保险费的基础。在国际贸易中，保险金额通常是按CIF价再加10%（投保加成率）。保险金额的计算公式：保险金额=CIF价/CIP价×（1+投保加成率）保费的计算公式：保费=CIF价/CIP价×（1+投保加成率）×保险费率合同中的保险条款明确以什么保险条款进行投保；明确投保险别；明确投保加成率；明确由哪一方投保。Exercises:FillinblanksandtranslatethesesentencesintoChinese。1.请代我们为价值10万美元的100箱皮鞋投保一切险。Pleaseinsureus___USD10,000___100casesofleathershoes___AllRisks.(for,on,against)2.如果货物是按成本，保险费加运费的价格出售，我们是按照发票价格的110%投保一切险。Ifgoodsaresold___CIFbasis,weinsuregoodsagainstAllRisks___110%oftheinvoicevalue.(on,for)Exercises:3.你可以在你们当地对货物的灭失和损害向保险代理提出索赔。Youcan___aclaim___theloss___ordamage___thegoods___theinsuranceagent___yourend.(file/lodge,against,of,to,with,at)4.每个保险合同都必须在有保险利益的一方和保险公司之间签订。Everyinsurancecontractmustbemade___thepartywhohasaninsurableinterest___theinsurancecompany.(between,and)Exercises:5.我们已为这批货物在中国人民保险公司投保了水渍险和战争险，保险费率为0.5%，投保额为3万元。Wehave___theshipment___ParticularAverageand___WarRisk___therateof0.5%___thesumof30,000yuan___PICC.(insured/covered,with,against,at,for,with)Exercises:6.如果发生索赔，被投保人应该在货物到达后的60天之内向保险代理提出索赔并提交检验报告。保险代理将根据投保的风险对其进行赔偿。Incaseofaclaim,the___shouldfilea___within60days___thearrivalofthegoods,supportedbya___Report,withtheinsuranceagent,whowillcompensatehimaccordingtotherisks___.(insured,claim,after,Survey,covered)