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太阳能电池特性测量研究性实验报告摘要在正文的第一部分，我从一名大二本科生的角度对实验原理进行了系统地重新表述，查阅资料补充了部分电学的必要知识（例如禁带宽度的定义），同时我还根据自己的理解写出了太阳能电池的基本原理和太阳能电池器件的等效电路。在正文的第二部分，本文详细介绍了操作需要用到的仪器并细致地描述了实验操作的各个流程。在正文的第三部分，本文重新进行了数据处理，并初步分析了实验误差，标注了实验注意事项以及对实验课后思考题做出了自己的回答。在正文的第四部分，也就是讨论部分，我做了大量的工作。先分析了影响太阳能电池转换效率的因素，然后提出了两种实验改进方法，接着提出了禁带宽度的测量方法，最后探索了实际P-N结与理想模型之间的差别以及对实验数据的影响。并且在第四部分的最后我还写了两年来自己学习物理实验的实验感想以及收获。关键词：太阳能电池开路电压短路电流输出特性AbstractInthefirstpartofthetext,fromtheperspectiveofasophomoreundergraduateexperimentalprinciplerephrasesupplementedwithsomeelectricalknowledgenecessary(forexample,thebandgapofthedefinition),accesstoinformation,atthesametimeIalsoaccordingtotheirunderstandingtowritetheequivalentcircuitofthebasicprinciplesofsolarcellsandsolarcelldevices.Inthesecondpartofthetext,thisarticledetailstheoperationrequirestheuseofinstrumentsanddetaileddescriptionoftheexperimentaloperationofthevariousprocesses.Inthethirdpartofthetext,re-processing,andapreliminaryanalysisoftheexperimentalerror,markedexperimentalNotesandQuestionsexperimentalafter-schoolmadeitsownanswer.Inthefourthpartofthetext,thatis,thediscussionsection,Ihavedonealotofwork.Firstanalyzethefactorsaffectingtheconversionefficiencyofthesolarcell,andthenthetwoexperimentalimprovedmethod,followedbytheforbiddenbandwidthofthemeasuringmethod,andthelastexplorethedifferencebetweentheactualPNjunctionwiththeidealmodelandtheexperimentaldata.AndIalsowroteinthefourthpartofthelasttwoyearsstudyingphysicsexperimentexperimentalfeelingsandharvest.Keyword:SolarcellOpen-circuitvoltageShort-circuitcurrentOutputCharacteristics太阳能电池特性测量研究性实验报告目录第一部分实验原理的重新表述...................................................................................................1一、实验要求...................................................................................................................................1二、实验原理...................................................................................................................................11.太阳能电池的分类................................................................................................................12.P-N结.....................................................................................................................................13.禁带宽度................................................................................................................................24.太阳能电池的伏安特性曲线及相关特性参数....................................................................25.太阳能电池的基本原理........................................................................................................46.太阳能电池器件的等效电路................................................................................................4第二部分实验内容及操作详细流程...........................................................................................5三、仪器介绍...................................................................................................................................5四、实验内容及操作详细流程.......................................................................................................71.硅太阳能电池的暗伏安特性测量........................................................................................72.开路电压，短路电流与光强关系测量................................................................................73.太阳能电池输出特性实验....................................................................................................84.注意事项................................................................................................................................8第三部分数据的重新处理与深入思索.......................................................................................9五、太阳能电池基本特性测量.......................................................................................................91.硅太阳能电池的暗伏安特性测量........................................................................................92.开路电压、短路电流与光强关系测量..............................................................................103.太阳能输出特性试验..........................................................................................................12六、实验误差分析.........................................................................................................................14七、实验课后思考题.....................................................................................................................14第四部分讨论.............................................................................................................................15八、影响太阳能电池转换效率的因素.........................................................................................15九、实验方法的比较与改进.........................................................................................................151.传统的太阳能电池伏安特性测量方法..............................................................................152.利用计算机和Labcoder数据采集分析系统改进实验.....................................................163.利用Ｃ８０５１Ｆ０２０单片机改进实验......................................................................18十、禁带宽度的测量.............................................................................