2-SPCSlidesRevisionNov2009[EF]3

StatisticalProcessControl统计过程控制ChenBoNov.2009Welcome欢迎Section1:SPCIntroduction章节1：SPC介绍Section2:SPCUseofStatistics章节2：SPC应用统计技术Section3:SamplingStrategyforProcessControl章节3：过程控制抽样策略Section4:ControlCharts章节4：控制图Section5:VariableDataControlCharts章节5：计量型数据控制图Section6:AttributeDataControlCharts章节6：计数型数据控制图Section7:ProcessCapability章节7：过程能力补充内容：SPC在产品生命周期中的应用Section1:SPCIntroduction章节1：SPC介绍SectionOverview章节概要ThissectionwillsetthestageforthiscoursebyexplainingthesignificanceofSPCandhowitisappliedatFordMotorCompany.本章节通过解释SPC的重要性和SPC怎样在福特汽车公司运用，使大家了解该课程的必要性。Thissectionhasthreelessons:本章节有3部分课程：Lesson1:Detectionvs.Prevention课程1：探测与预防Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapability课程2：过程控制和过程能力Lesson3:SPCUseatFord课程3：SPC在福特的运用SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionLessonObjectives课程目标Atthecompletionofthislesson,youwillbeableto:在本课程结束，您应该可以：Explaintheconsequencesofmanufacturingandshippingproductswithnostrategyinplaceforpreventingdefectiveproductsfromreachingcustomers解释如果没有预防缺陷产品的策略，产品制造并发运到顾客处的后果将是多么严重ExplaintheQualityLossFunction(QLF)paradigm,includinghowitdiffersfromthetraditionalqualityparadigm解释质量损失函数（QLF）形式，包括与传统质量形式的区别EvaluatequalityusingtheQLF使用质量损失函数（QLF）评价质量Differentiatebetweendetectionandpreventionstrategies探测和预防策略的区别SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionConsequencesofBadQualityControl不控制好质量的严重后果Itismoredifficulttoregainalostcustomerthantokeepapresentcustomer重新赢得一个失去的客户比起维持一个现有的客户更加困难SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionQualityLossFunction(QLF)质量失效函数SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionQualityParadigm质量形式SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionQLFExample质量失效函授例子SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionQualityControlStrategies质量控制策略Qualitycontrolstrategiescanfallintooneoftwomajorcategories:质量控制策略可分为以下两类主要类型：Detection探测Prevention预防SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionDetectionStrategy探测策略SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionPreventionStrategy预防策略SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionLessonComplete课程结束YouhavenowcompletedLesson1:Detectionvs.Prevention.您现在完成了课程1：探测与预防ThislessonintroducedthebasicprocessforbringingproductstocustomersandusedtheQLFtodemonstratetheimportanceofqualitycontrolwithinthisprocess.Italsoshowedtheadvantagesofapreventionqualitystrategyoveradetectionstrategy.本课程介绍了为客户提供产品的基本过程，以及运用质量损失函数证明了过程中控制质量的重要性。同时展示了预防策略相比探测策略的优势。SPC–Section1,Lesson1:Detectionvs.PreventionLessonObjectives课程目标Atthecompletionofthislesson,youwillbeableto:在本课程结束，您应该可以：Differentiatebetweenconsistentandinconsistentprocesses区别一致过程和非一致过程Differentiatebetweencommoncauseandspecialcausevariations区别普通原因变差和特殊原因变差Differentiatebetweenprocesscontrolandprocesscapability区别过程控制与过程能力Explainwhentoadjustaprocess解释何时需要调整过程Explainthestepstoachievehighqualityprocesses解释达到高质量过程的步骤DefineSPCanditsroleinimprovingprocessquality定义SPC及其在改善过程质量中的角色SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilityConsistentvs.InconsistentProcesses一致过程和非一致过程SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilityCommonCauseVariation普通原因变差Commoncausevariationsarenaturalvariationsthatarepartofaprocess.Forexample,commoncausevariationscanbeslightvariationinthelengthsofmanufacturedbolts(exaggeratedinthegraphicbelow).普通原因变差是过程固有的自然变差。例如，制造的螺栓之间轻微的长度差异。SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilitySpecialCauseVariation特殊原因变差Specialcausevariationsareduetounusual,orout-of-the-ordinary,events(i.e.,eventsthatarenotanaturalpartofaprocess).特殊原因变差是由不寻常的，或者超出常规的事件引起的（事件不是某个正常过程的一部分）Anexampleofspecialcausevariationcouldoccurduringthemanufactureofabolt.Abrokenboltheadindicatesspecialcausevariation.Thebrokenheadshownhererepresentsalevelofmanufacturingperformancethatthecustomerwillfindunacceptable.如螺栓制造过程中一个螺栓的头部损坏，即是一种特殊原因变差。损坏的螺栓头部代表在制造过程层面出现了顾客不可接受的情况。SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilityProcessControlvs.ProcessCapability过程控制与过程能力SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilityProcessAdjustment过程调整Toadjusttheprocessattheappropriatetimes,followthesesteps:在适当的时间调整过程，可以按照如下步骤：Determinetheexpectedamountofprocessvariation(i.e.,thevariationwhentheprocessisconsistent,stable,andoperatingwithinitsnormalvariation).判定预期的过程变差量（当过程一致、稳定，并在正常变差内运行时的过程变差）Identifyanyunusualprocessoutputormeasurementandfindoutwhatcausedit.Unusualoutputindicatesthatvariationhasexceededanormal,orexpected,amountandthataspecialcauseispresent.识别任何不正常的过程输出或测量结果，并且找到原因。不正常的输出表明变差超出了正常的或预期的变差量，存在特殊原因Adjusttheprocessbyremovingthespecialcausefortheunusualvariation.Thisreturnstheprocesstoastable,in-controlstate.通过移除造成不正常变差的特殊原因调整过程，使过程回到稳定受控的状态SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilityStepstoAchieveHighQualityProcesses达到高质量过程的步骤SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilityHighestQuality最高质量SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilitySPCandProcessQualitySPC与过程质量SPC–Section1,Lesson2:ProcessControlandCapabilityTheAIAGSPCManual,2ndEdition,definesSPCas:Theuseofstatisticaltechniquessuchascontrolchartstoanalyzeaprocessoritsoutputsoastotakeappropriateactionstoachieveandmaintainastateofstatisticalcontrolandtoimprovetheprocesscapability.应用诸如控制图等统计技术来分析某一过程或其输