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WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageas“secondchildishness”——sansteeth，sanseyes，sanstaste.Inthecaseoftastehemay，musicallyspeaking，havebeenevenmoreperceptivethanherealized.ApaperinNeurologybyGiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCentreforResearchandCareofAlzheimer'sDiseaseinBrescia，Italy，showsthatoneformofseniledementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregression，ifnottoinfancy，thenatleasttoapatient'steens.Frontotemporaldementiaiscaused，asitsnamesuggests，bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech，andwithsuch“higher”functionsasabstractthinkingandjudgment.FrontotemporaldamagethereforeproducesdifferentsymptomsfromthelossofmemoryassociatedwithAlzheimer'sdisease，amorefamiliardementiathataffectsthehippocampusandamygdalainthemiddleofthebrain.FrontotemporaldementiaisalsorarerthanAlzheimer's.InthepastfiveyearsthecentreinBresciahastreatedsome1，500Alzheimer'spatients；ithasseenonly46withfrontotemporaldementia.TwoofthosepatientsinterestedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer，theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories，butdisplayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementia-adiagnosisthatwasconfirmedbybrainscanning.Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosedthelawyer，onceaclassicalmusicloverwhoreferredtopopmusicas“merenoise”，startedlisteningtotheItalianpopband“883”。Ashiscommandoflanguageandhisemotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated，hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewifehadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic，havingneverenjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosisshebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgranddaughterwaslisteningto.ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyoftheAlzheimer'spatients，andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Fivesuffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanotherlapseofmusicaltaste，onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcomposingandsingingcountryandwesternsongs.DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanewattitudetowardsnovelexperiences.Previousstudiesofnovelty-seekingbehaviorsuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'srightfrontallobe.Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe，causedbydamagetothelatter，mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively，thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificneuralcircuitthatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainoralossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle，degustibusnondisputandumest.Or，inplainerwords，thereisnoaccountingfortaste.11.ForShakespeare，oldageas“secondchildishness”fortheyhavethesameAfavorite.Bmemory.Cexperience.Dsense.12.WhichoneisnotasymptomofFrototemporaldementia？Athelossofmemory.Bthelossofjudgment.Cthelossofabstractthinking.Dthelossofspeech.13.Fromthetwopatientsmentionedinthepassage，itcanbeconcludedthatAtheircommandoflanguagehasdeteriorated.Btheiremotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilyarebeinglost.CtheFrontotemporaldementiacanbringnewgifts.DFrontotemporaldementiacancausepatientstochangetheirmusicaltastes.14.The“novel”inthelastparagraphmeansAhistorical.Bspecial.Cstory-like.Dstrange.15.Fromthepassage，itcanbeinferredthatAthedamageoftheleftfrontallobemayaffectsomespecificneuralcircuit.Bthelawyerpatienthastheleftfrontallobedamaged.Cthedamageoftheleftfrontallobedecreasedtheappreciationcertainkindsofmusic.Deverypatienthasthesametaste.答案：DADDBAlHusseinis19.Heisstrugglingtostayseatedontopofahugetruckcrossingthedesert.Hehasbeenridinglikethatforhours，breathingdust，inanunbearableheat.Hehaslefthishome，histwinbrother，andtherestofhisfamilydownSouth.Beyondthedesertliesthesea，andmaybe，ifheisluckyaboattoEuropewherehehopestogetajob，tostartanewlife，andtosendmoneytohisvillage.AlHusseinishardlyaloneinhisperiloustrek.Some150millionmen，womenandevenchildren，aboutthreepercentoftheworld‘spopulation，areoutsidetheircountryoforigincomingasstrangerstothecountrywheretheyreside.Thereisnocontinent，noregionoftheworldwhichhasnomigrantswithinitsboundaries.Everycountryhasbecomeacountryoforigin，transitordestinationofmigrants.Manyareallthree.Morethanhalfofinternationalmigrantsliveindevelopingcountries.AccordingtotheInternationalOrganizationforMigration，thelargestnumbersofinternationalmigrantsarelocatedinAsia；EuropeandNorthAmericahaveaboutequalnumbersfollowedbyAfrica，LatinAmerica，andOceaniawithprogressivelyfewernumbers.TheInternationalLaborOrganization（ILO）estimatesthatupto80millionofthesearemigrantworkers.In1997，ILOestimatedthatthenumberofmigrantworkerswasasfollows：Africa，20Million；NorthAmerica，17million；CentralandSouthAmerica12million；Asia7million；theMiddleEast（Arabcountries），9million，andEurope30million.Migrationishardlyarecentorlocalizedphenomenon.Womenandmenhavebeenleavingtheirhomelandsinsearchofabetterjob.Peoplealsoleavetheirowncountriesbecauseofcivilconflictsandinsecurityorpersecution.However，inthisglobalizedworld，wearewitnessingunprecedentedlyhighlabormobilityandanincreasingpressureofmigration.GarethHowell，Inter