英语泛读教程 4 Unit 9 Diplomatic relationship

1MargaretThatcher——Britain'sfirstfemaleprimeminister2MargaretHildaRobertswasbornon13October1925inGrantham,Lincolnshire,thedaughterofagrocer.3In1951,shemarriedawealthybusinessman,DenisThatcher,withwhomshehadtwochildren.4Onthattime,Thatcherwastheyoungestofthe1951election,theConservativePartycandidate.Attendingapoliticaldebate,sheandfourelectorssangtogether.5-MargaretThatcherAnywomanwhounderstandstheproblemsofrunningahomewillbenearertounderstandingtheproblemsofrunningacountry.IronLady•Inthe1979generalelection,theConservativescametopowerandThatcherbecameprimeminister.•Inthe1987generalelection,Thatcherwonanunprecedentedthirdterminoffice.•InNovember1990,sheagreedtoresignandwassucceededaspartyleaderandprimeministerbyJohnMajor.678PresidentReaganandPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcheroftheUnitedKingdomreviewingtroopsonthesouthlawnduringthearrivalceremony.9PresidentReagan,PrimeMinisterMargaretThatcher,NancyReaganandDenisThatcheroftheUnitedKingdomwalkingalongthecrosshallattheStateDinner.10PresidentReaganandPrimeMinisterThatchertalkonthepatiooutsidetheOvalOffice.HadfourvisittoChina，BritishPrimeMinisterMargaretThatcherandChairmanDengXiaopingsignedtheJointDeclarationontheFutureofHongKongonbehalfoftheirtwoGovernmentsin19December19841112Afterthemeeting,Mrs.ThatchercameoutintheGreatHallofthefall.13Sheisoneofthedominantpoliticalfiguresof20thcenturyBritain,andThatcherismcontinuestohaveahugeinfluence.14PartOne-OverviewFrom18Centuryto19CenturyFromWW1toWW2AftertheWW2ConclusionTwoThreeFourFiveOneFrom18Centuryto19CenturyOneTwoThreeFourFiveDuringthe18century•England•HadfinishedthefirstIndustrialRevolutionandbecameanadvancedcountry.•IndesperateneedofenlargingitsmarketandexploringthemysticalEastworld.•China•TheemperorwasQianlong.•Thewholecountrywasrichandpowerfulbutalsoinsular.From18Centuryto19CenturyOneTwoThreeFourFive1793,GeorgeMcCartney&QianlongThefirsttimethatwesterncountriessentanenvoytoChinaFrom18Centuryto19CenturyOneTwoThreeFourFiveSirMcCartneyaskedfor七个请求——1.要求签订正式条约：开放宁波、舟山、天津、广州之中一地或数地为贸易口岸2.允许英国商人比照俄国之例在北京设一仓库以收贮发卖货物，在北京设立常设使馆3.允许英国在舟山附近一岛屿修建设施，作存货及商人居住4.允许选择广州城附近一处地方作英商居留地，并允许澳门英商自由出入广东5.允许英国商船出入广州与澳门水道并能减免货物课税6.允许广东及其他贸易港公表税率，不得随意乱收杂费7.允许英国圣公会教士到中国传教From18Centuryto19CenturyOneTwoThreeFourFiveInordertosellmorethingstoChinaOpiumFrom18Centuryto19CenturyOneTwoThreeFourFiveTheBritishgovernment,thoughnotdenyingChina'srighttocontrolimports,objectedtothisseizureanduseditsnewlydevelopedmilitarypowertoenforceviolentredress.From18Centuryto19CenturyOneTwoThreeFourFiveSino-BritishOpiumWarTheFirstAnglo-ChineseWarFrom18Centuryto19CenturyOneTwoThreeFourFiveThesuccessoftheFirstOpiumWarallowedtheBritishtoresumetheopiumtradewithChina.ItalsopavedthewayforopeningofthelucrativeChinesemarkettoothercommerceandtheopeningofChinesesocietytomissionaryendeavors.From18Centuryto19CenturyOneTwoThreeFourFiveIn1842,theTreatyofNanking—thefirstofwhattheChineselatercalledtheunequaltreaties—grantedanindemnitytoBritain,theopeningoffivetreatyports,andthecessionofHongKongIsland,therebyendingthetrademonopolyoftheCantonSystem.FromWW1toWW2OneTwoThreeFourFiveAppeasementPolicyFromWW1toWW2OneTwoThreeFourFiveThereasonsforBritishAppeasementPolicyUKhadformedanalliancewithJapanInJanuary,1902Anglo-JapanTreatyofAllianceRelativedeclineofUK’smilitaryandeconomicpower.IthadlostitsabilitytoinsertmuchinfluencetowardsJapanPacifismaftertheFirstWorldWarAftertheWW2OneTwoThreeFourFiveMarch13,1973:ambassadoriallevelrelationJointCommuniquéoftheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandandthePeople'sRepublicofChinaAftertheWW2OneTwoThreeFourFiveEconomicalinterestsinChinaBritishpositioninHongKongSovietUnionAftertheWW2OneTwoThreeFourFiveEdwardHealth-thePrimeMinisterofUK-theconservativepartyChinawastheimportantpowerintheColdWaragainsttheSovietUnion,andahugepotentialmarketAftertheWW2OneTwoThreeFourFiveOtherwesterncountriessuchastheUShadestablishedthediplomaticrelationshipwithChinaChinawasseriouslythreatenedbytheSovietUnionatthattime,searchingfordevelopingrelationshipswithwesterncountriesOneTwoThreeFourFiveConclusionBritishrelationshipwithChinadependsonitsnationalinterestsandthetwo’sstrength.America,andSovietUnionplayedimportantroleswhenUKestablishingtherelationshipwithChina.Awin-winrelationismorestable.•Acountrydoesnothavepermanentfriends,onlypermanentinterests.（没有永远的朋友，仅有永恒的利益）32Vocabularyofdiplomacy33•MinistryofForeignAffairs外交部•InformationDepartment新闻司•consulate-general总领事馆•embassy大使馆•legation公使馆•officeofthechargéd‘affaires/ʃ'ɑːrʒeɪdæf'eər/,代办处•diplomaticmission外交代表机构34diplomat外交家,外交官ambassador大使ambassadorextraordinaryandplenipotentiary/ˌplenɪpəˈtenʃəriUS-ʃieri/特命全权大使Attaché/əˈtæʃeɪUSˌætəˈʃeɪ/,随员rovingambassador巡回大使specialenvoy【'envɔɪ]特使ambassador-at-large无任所大使35diplomaticpractice外交惯例diplomaticimmunities外交豁免diplomaticprivileges外交特权diplomaticchannels外交途径diplomaticcourier/ˈkuriə/外交信使diplomaticbag,diplomaticpouch外交邮袋36letterofappointment委任书exequatur[,eksi'kweitə]许可证书communiqué公报announcement公告,通告letterofcredence【'kriːdəns],credentials国书statement声明37sever[sev·er]diplomaticrelatio