BOSCHSPC培训材料

1StatisticalProcessControl(SPC)统计过程控制(SPC)ByCP/PIN-CN-QSupplierQualityDevelopmentProgram(SQDP)Rev.03/19/2007CP/PIN-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.2SPCTableofContents目录Part1SPCOverview第一章SPC概览1.WhatisSPC?SPC是什么？2.BasicsforSPCSPC的一些基本概念3.WhatCharacteristicsforSPC哪些特性需要SPCCP/PIN-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.3SPCTableofContents目录Part2ControlChart第二章控制图1.Typesofcontrolcharts控制图的分类5.Defining“out-of-control”signals定义不受控信号2.Elementsofcontrolcharts控制图的要素3.PreparatorySteps准备步骤4.Stepstousingcontrolcharts使用控制图的步骤CP/PIN-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.4SPCTableofContents目录6.Average&rangecharts(,R)均值和极差图7.Average&standarddeviationcharts(,s)均值和标准差图8.Non-normalcharts非正态控制图9.Othertypeofcontrolcharts其它类型控制图10.Selectionofcontrolcharts控制图的选用XXCP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.5SPCTableofContents目录Part3ProcessCapability&ProcessPerformance(forvariabledata)第三章过程能力和过程性能(计量值数据)1.Definition定义5.CapabilityIndexvs.FractionNonconforming能力指数vs.不合格率2.CapabilityIndexCp&Cpk能力指数Cp和Cpk3.PerformanceIndexPp&Ppk性能指数Pp和Ppk4.Capabilityvs.Performance能力vs.性能CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.6SPCTableofContents目录6.RequirementsforCapability&PerformanceIndex对能力和性能指数的要求7.HandlingNon-normalandMultivariateDistributions处理非正态分布和多变量分布Part4MachineCapabilityStudy第四章机器能力研究1.Definition定义2.Whentoperformstudy什么时候进行研究？CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.7SPCTableofContents目录3.Flowchartofstudy研究的流程图4.StudywithReducedExpense以减少的成本研究5.CalculatingMachineCapabilityIndices机器能力指数的计算6.Exampleofstudy研究示例CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.8SPCPart1SPCOverview第一章SPC概览CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.9SPC1.WhatisSPC?SPC是什么？Process过程:¾Aprocessisaseriesofactivitiesand/orproceduresthattransformrawmaterialsorpreprocessedparts/componentsintoanoutputproduct.过程是将原材料或半成品转变为输出产品的一系列的活动和或程序。¾Thispresentationonlyreferstomanufacturingorassemblyprocesses.本篇只涵盖制造或装配过程。ProcessControlSystem过程控制系统:Afeedbacksystem(seenextpage).一个反馈系统(见下页)。CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.10SPCProcessControlSystem过程控制系统CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.11SPC1.WhatisSPC?SPC是什么？SPC:¾SPCisastandardmethodforvisualizingandcontrolling(openorclosedloop)processes,basedonmeasurementsofrandomsamples.SPC是通过对随机样本的测量而对过程（开环或闭环）进行观察和控制的一种标准方法。¾ThegoalofSPCistoensurethattheplannedprocessoutputisachievedandthatcorrespondingcustomerrequirementsarefulfilled..SPC的目标是确保过程输出达到计划，确保相应的顾客要求得到满足。CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.12SPC2.BasicsforSPCSPC的一些基本概念：1)Variation变差¾Theinevitabledifferencesamongindividualoutputsofaprocess;过程的单个输出之间不可避免的差别；¾Agroupofindividualoutputscouldtendtoformapatternthatcanbedescribedasadistribution;单个的输出收集成一组数据后，它们会趋于形成一个分布的模式；CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.13SPC¾Thisdistributioncanbecharacterizedby:Location,Spread,andShape;该分布可以依下列特性加以区别：位置，分布宽度和形状位置分布宽度形状2.BasicsforSPCSPC的一些基本概念：¾thesourcesofvariationcanbegroupedintotwomajorclasses:commoncausesandspecialcauses;变差的原因可以分为两个重要类别：普通原因和特殊原因。9commoncauses普通原因：ƒThesourceofinherentprocessvariation过程固有变差的来源CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.14SPC2.BasicsforSPCSPC的一些基本概念：ƒIfonlycommoncausesofvariationarepresent,theoutputofaprocessformsadistributionthatisstableovertimeandpredictable.如果一个过程只存在变差的普通原因，随着时间的推移，过程的输出形成一个稳定的分布并可预测CP/IPA-CN|6/22/2006|©RobertBoschGmbHreservesallrightsevenintheeventofindustrialpropertyrights.Wereserveallrightsofdisposalsuchascopyingandpassingontothirdparties.15SPC9specialcauses特殊原因：ƒCausingvariationthataffectonlysomeoft