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教学点：МГУ国际人文大学课程名称：大一语音课课程性质：必修课（第一外语）授课对象：大一汉英翻译专业授课时间：2016年秋季学期任课教师：董月课件内容：《博雅汉语，初级起步篇》拼音课一、语音YǔyīnPhonetics（一）声母Initialsbpmfdtnlgkh（二）韵母Finals单韵母(simplefinals):aoeiuü复韵母(compoundfinals):aieiaoaoeiuüaieiaooubpmfdtnlgkhbabobibubaibeibaopapopipupaipeipaopoumamomemimumaimeimaomoufafofufeifoudadedidudaideidaodoutatetitutaitaotounaneninunünaineinaonoulalelilulülaileilaolougagegugaigeigaogoukakekukaikeikaokouhahehuhaiheihaohou（三）拼音initial-finalcombinationsiuü可自成音节，写成：yiwuyu（四）声调Tones5第一声55：āīū4第二声35：áíú3第三声214：ǎĭǔ第一声第二声第三声第四声ˉˊˇˋ汉语音节=声母+韵母+声调Chinesesyllables=initials+finals+tones爸:ba=b+à声调作用你：nĭ=n+ĭ好：hǎo=h+ǎo课文二、汉语音节的构成FormationofChinesesyllables生词ˋ第一课你好一、课文kèwénTextA:你好！Nĭhǎo!B:你好！Nĭhǎo!变调1、yī一One2、wǔ五five3、bā八eight4、dà大big5、bù不not6、kǒu口month7、bái白white8、nǚ女female,woman9、mǎ马horse10、nĭ你you(singular)11、hǎo好good二、生词ShēngcíNewWords练习完成课后习题finishtheexercisesonthebook变调modulationsoftonesˇˇˊˇnĭhǎoníhǎo返回到音节构成ˉˊˇˋbābábǎbà八拔靶爸eightpullholddadyīyíyĭyì一移椅亿onemovechairahundredmillion返回到音节构成b[p]双唇阻，不送气，清塞音。双唇紧闭，口腔充满气息，猛开双唇，使气流爆发而出，通称“不送气”。声带不振动。Thisisanunaspiratedvoicelessbilabialplosive.Lungairiscompressedbytheclosureofthelips.Thentheairescapeswithasuddenreleaseofthelipclosure,withnovibrationsofthevocalcords.p[p‘]双唇阻，送气，清塞音。发音部位和b一样，气流用力喷出，通称“送气”。声带不振动。Aspiratedvoicelessbilabialplosive.Thepositionofarticulationisthesameasthatofb.Theairisreleasedforciblywithapuff,withnovibrationsofthevocalcords.m[m]双唇阻，不送气，鼻音。双唇紧闭，软腭、小舌下垂，气流从鼻腔出来。声带振动。Unaspiratedbilabialnasal.Thelipsformaclosure,andthesoftpalateandtheuvulaarelowered.Theairstreampassesthroughthenasalcavity,withvibrationsofthevocalcordsf[f]唇齿音，清擦音。上齿接触下唇，气流从中间摩擦而出。声带不振动。Voicelesslabio-dentalfricative.Theupperteethmakealightcontactwiththelowerlipandtheairisreleasedinbetweenwithafriction,withnovibrationsofthevocalcords.d[t]舌尖阻，不送气，清塞音。舌尖顶上齿龈，口腔充满气息，猛把舌尖移下，使气流爆发而出。声带不振动。Unaspiratedvoicelessalveolarplosive.Theprimaryobstacleisformedbyaclosuremadebetweenthelipofthetongueandtheupperalveolarridge.Lungairiscompressedbehindthisclosure,andthenescapeswithforceuponreleaseofthealveolarclosure,withnovibrationsofthevocalcords.t[t‘]舌尖阻，送气，清塞音。发音部位和d一样，气流从口腔爆发而出时要送气。声带不振动。Aspiratedvoicelessalveolarplosive.Itspositionandmannerofarticulationarethesameasthoseofd,butitisaspirated,withnovibrationsofthevocalcords.n[n]舌尖阻，鼻音。舌尖顶上齿龈、软腭，小舌下垂，鼻腔打开。声带振动。Alveolarnasal.Thetongue-tipispressedagainsttheupperalveolarridge,thesoftpalateanduvulaarelowered,Andtheairisletoutthroughthenasalcavitywithvibrationsofthevocalcords.l[l]舌尖阻，边音。舌尖顶上齿龈，比n稍后，气流从舌前部两边出来。声带振动。Alveolarlateral.Thetongue-tipmakesalightcontactwiththeupperalveolarridge,butslightlymoretothebackthanthepositionforn.Theairstreamisreleasedfromthesidesofthetongue.Thevocalcordsvibrate.g[k]舌根音，不送气，清塞音。舌根顶住软腭，猛使舌根离开软腭，使气流爆发而出。声带不振动。Unaspiratedvoicelessvelarplosive.Thebackofthetongueisraisedtoformaclosurewiththesoftpalate.Lungairescapeswithforceuponsuddenreleaseoftheclosure,withnovibrationsofthevocalcords.k[k‘]舌根阻，送气，清擦音。发音部位和g一样，气流从口腔爆发而出时要送气。声带不振动。Aspiratedvoicelessvelarplosive.Itspositionandmannerofarticulationarethesameasthatofgexceptthatitisaspirated,withnovibrationsofthevocalcords.h[x]舌根阻,清擦音。舌根接近软腭,气流从中间摩擦而出。声带不振动。Voicelessvelarfricative.Thebackofthetongueisraisedtowardsthesoftpalate.Theairstreamisexpelledfromthelungs,causingsomefrictionsinthevocaltract,withnovibrationsofthevocalcords.a开口度最大，舌位最低，唇不圆Themonthiswideopen.Thetongueisatitslowest.Thelipsareunrounded.O开口度中等，舌位半高、偏后、圆唇Theopeningofthemonthismedium.Thetonguepositionismid-highandslightlytotheback.Thelipsarerounded.e开口度中等，舌位半高、偏后、唇不圆Theopeningofthemonthismedium.Thetonguepositionismid-highandslightlytotheback.Thelipsareunrounded.i开口度最小，唇扁平，舌位高、偏前Theopeningofthemonthisnarrow.Thetonguepositionishighandslightlytothefront.Thelipsarespread.u开口度最小，舌位高，偏后，唇最圆Theopeningofthemonthisnarrow.Thetonguepositionishighandslightlytotheback.Thelipsarefullyrounded.ü舌位与[i]相同，但要圆唇，口形与发[u]相近Thetonguepositionisidenticalofthatof[i].Thelipsareroundedtoadegreesimilarto[u].