埃尔温.隆美尔元帅

Rommel’sLifeStoryRommel’sStyleAsMilitaryCommanderRommel’sDefectsOfCharacterRommelwasbornon15November1891inHeidenheim.HisfatherwasaProtestantheadmasterofthesecondaryschool，andhismotherwasthedaughterofalocalofficer.Hehadahappychildhood.Rommelwrotethatmyearlyyearspassedquitehappily.“Rommel’sLifeStoryWhenhewas18yearsold,heaccededtohisfather'swishesandjoinedthelocal124thWürttembergInfantryRegimentasaensign,in1910,studyingattheOfficerCadetSchoolinDanzig.Hegraduatedon15November1911andwascommissionedasalieutenantinJanuary1912.RommelparticipatedintheworldwarI,andgainedareputationforgreatcourage,makingquicktacticaldecisionsandtakingadvantageofenemyconfusion.Rommel’sLifeStoryAfterWorldWarI,hewasaninstructorattheDresdenInfantrySchoolfrom1929to1933.Duringthisperiod,hewroteabookInfantryAttack,whichwassummarizedbasedonhisownexperienceduringWorldWarI.Later,thisbookwasappreciatedbyAdolfHitler,andthereforeRommelgotachancetogetintouchwithHitler.HegraduallyachievedHitler’strust,andwasappointedascommanderofAdolfHitler'spersonalprotectionbattalion.Rommel’sLifeStoryOn6February1940,threemonthsbeforetheinvasionofFrance,Rommelwasgivencommandofthe7thPanzerDivision.AndRommelhad,however,emphasizedtheuseofmobileinfantryandrecognizedthegreatusefulnessofarmouredforcesinthecampaign.InMay,1940,his7thPanzerDivisionbecameknownastheGhostDivisionbecauseitsrapidadvancesandfastpacedattacksHistalentincommandingthearmouredforcesstartedemerging.Rommel’sLifeStoryRommel'srewardforhissuccesswastobepromotedandappointedcommanderofthe5thLightDivisionandofthe15.Panzer-Divisionwhich,astheDitchesAfrikakorpsweresenttoLibyainearly1941inOperationSonnenblumetoaidthedemoralizedItaliantroopswhichhadsufferedaheavydefeatfromBritishCommonwealthforcesinOperationCompass.ItwasinAfricawhereRommelachievedhisgreatestfameasacommander.HiscampaigninNorthAfricaearnedRommelthenicknameTheDesertFox.Rommel’sLifeStoryIntheNorthAfricaCampaign,histacticsinusingarmouredforces,whichbasedonthehighmobilityoftanks,successfullybeattheBritishCommonwealthinthedisadvantageofforcesnumberandthelackofAirForce’scover.May,1942,RommeldefeatthestrongadversaryintheTankCampaigninBirHakeim,andmorethan33,000defenders,includingmostoftheSouthAfrican2ndDivision,werecaptured.HitlermadeRommeltheyoungestFieldMarshalforthisgreatvictory.Rommel’sLifeStoryLater,becausethecampaignlinewastoolongandtheproblemsoflogisticswasgettingworse,RommelandhistiredAfrikakorpsweredefeatedbyMontgomery’sBritishArmyintheOperationAlamein.During12,1943to7,1944,hecommandedtheGermanforcesopposingtheAlliedcross-channelinvasioninNormandy.Rommel’sLifeStoryJuly20,1944,RommelwaslinkedtotheconspiracytokillAdolfHitler.BecauseRommelwaswidelyrenowned,Hitlerchosetoeliminatehimquietly.Rommelagreedtocommitsuicidebytakingacyanidepill,inreturnforassuranceshisfamilywouldbespared.Rommel’sLifeStoryRommelisconsideredasaskilledcommanderofArmouredForces.Heemphasizedthemobilityandtheflexibilitywhenusingarmouredforces.Hisboldattacksoftencausedlargerenemyformationstosurrender.Whenattacking,hecommandedtheattackgrouptodetourtothebehindoftheenemy,inordertodestroytheenemy’ssystemofdefense.Whendefending,heusedarmouredforcesasreservestodefeatenemy’sattack.Asacommander,heusedtogivinghisordersintheveryfront.Hewasstrictwithhissubordinatesandadvocatedthespiritofbraveandthereforewongreatreputationamongthesoldiers.Rommel’sStyleAsMilitaryCommanderTheAfrikakorpswereneveraccusedofanywarcrimeaftertheWorldWarII,numerousexamplesexistofRommel'schivalrytowardsAlliedPOWs,suchashisdefianceofHitler'sinfamousCommandoOrderfollowingthecaptureofLt.RoyWoodridgeandLt.GeorgeLaneaspartofOperationFortitude.HealsorefusedtocomplywithHitler'sordertoexecuteJewishPOWs.Rommel’sStyleAsMilitaryCommanderRommelwassuccessfulasamilitarycommander,butthiscannotdenythedefectsinhismilitarylife.Firstly,hedisobeyedhissuperiorsformanytimes,althoughhewasn’tpunishedbecauseofthesupportsofHitler,thismadehimlostfriends.Secondly,hewassostrictwithhissubordinatesthatit’shardtogetalongwith.Hehadlittlepatienceforsub-commanderswhodidnotdotheirjobsproperly,anditwasboundtocreateafeelingofresentmentamongsomeofhisofficers.Thirdly,hecrossedthelinebetweenthemilitaryandpolitics.Atthelateofthewar,hebegantooppositeHitler.AndhewasamongthefewgroupsofmanwhodaretopointoutHitler’sfaults.AndhewasinvolvedintotheconspiracytokillAdolfHitleron20July,1944,atlasthewasforcedtocrimesuicide.Rommel’sDefectsOfCharacterRommelwasextraordinarilywellknowninhislifetime,notonlybytheGermanpeople,butalsobyhisadversaries.Popularstoriesofhischivalryandtacticalprowessearnedhimtherespectofmanyopponents,includingClaudeAuchinleck,WinstonChurchill,GeorgeS.Patton,andBernardMontgomery.Hewasaskilledcommanderandmanyofhistheoriesintheuseofarmouredforcestillmaintainreference.HislackoflogisticsantstrategyledtothefailureintheNorthAfricaCampaign.HedeniedtheordersgivenbyHitlertokillthePOWs,andthishumaneattitudetowardsPOWsearnedtherespectsoftheworld.Inconclusion,RommelwasoftencitedinWesternsourcesasageneralwho,thoughaloyalGerman,waswillingtostanduptoHitler.Thisshouldnev