air-pollution

Airpollution小组成员：杨晓，黄瑞霞，兰姗，宋丽雯，刘喆，魏文丽Contents:1.Thecurrentsituationofglobalairpollution.2.Theairpollutionofchina.greenhouse(Globalwarming)Ozonedepletion(臭氧层破坏）GlobalwarmingInthispicture,Wecanseethatthispolarbear(北极熊）wastrappedinthecenterofthesea,andthereasonofthisphenomenonisthattheicewasmelted.Alloftheseresultfromgreenhouse(globalwarming)Ozonedepletion(臭氧层破坏）TheInternationalOzoneLayerProtectionDayisanorganizationthatprotectstheozonelayer.InternationalOzoneLayerProtectionDayTheairpollutionofchinaThequalityofchina’sair.Themostseriousproblemofchina’sairpollution.Thequalityofourair根据国家环境保护总局公布的数据，2006年监测的559个城市中，地级及以上城市(含地、州、盟首府所在地，以下同)322个，县级城市237个。空气质量达到一级标准的城市24个(占4.3%)、二级标准的城市325个(占58.1%)、三级标准的城市159个(占28.5%)、劣于三级标准的城市51个(占9.1%)。主要污染物为可吸入颗粒物。Thispicturetellusthequalityofourair.ThisistheserioussmoginacityofchinaThiskindofweatherhasanbadeffectonpeople’sdailylife.----SMOGThemostseriousproblemofchina’sairpollutionContents:Definition；Thesourceofsmog；DefinitionSmog,asweallknow,itincludesfogandhaze.Butthereisthebigdifferencebetweenfog(雾)andhaze（霾）.Aerosolparticlesofdust（灰尘）,sulfuricacid（硫酸）,nitricacid（硝酸）intheair,andothervisualimpairments（视觉障碍）causedbythecomposition(组成)calledhaze.smogishaze(霾就是灰霾)。ThesourceofsmogHumanfactors(人为因素)Climaticfactors（气候因素）HumanfactorsAutomobileexhaust（汽车尾气）；Livingexhaust（生活废气）；Industrialemissions（工业废气）；Particlesthatcangrow.Climaticfactors一、在水平方向静风现象增多。城市里大楼越建越高，阻挡和摩擦作用使风流经城区时明显减弱。静风现象增多，不利于大气中悬浮微粒的扩散稀释，容易在城区和近郊区周边积累。二、垂直方向上出现逆温。逆温层好比一个锅盖覆盖在城市上空，这种高空的气温比低空气温更高的逆温现象，使得大气层低空的空气垂直运动受到限制，空气中悬浮微粒难以向高空飘散而被阻滞在低空和近地面。第三，空气中悬浮颗粒物和有机污染物的增加。随着城市人口的增长和工业发展、机动车辆猛增，导致污染物排放和悬浮物大量增加。ThecoursesofairpollutionNaturalcausesAnthropogeniccauses（人为）UrbanConstruction(fiveaspects)Dailylife(sixaspects)NaturalcausesActivevolcanoes,forestfiresandearthquakes（Dust,sulfurdioxide（二氧化硫）,hydrogensulfide（硫化氢））VolcanoeeruptionforestfiresUrbanConstruction1.IndustrialproductionChemicalindustry,coalindustryandotherindustrialandminingasanimportantsectorofnationaldevelopment,isthemostpollutedenterprises,whichisthemainforceofairpollution.2.LivingHeatingInwinterheatingperiod,alargenumberofcivilianlifestovesandheatingboilersinresidentialarea,tendtomakecontaminatedsmoke.ThiskindofairpollutioncannotbeignoredPicturesIndustrialproductionLivingHeatingUrbanConstruction3.transportundertakingsDuetothedevelopmentoftransportundertakings,moreandmorepeoplechoosevehicles,trains,ships,aircraftsorothertransportmeansfrequently,whichaddsanewsourceofairpollutiontothecity.Nowadays,manypeoplelivesabetterlife,sotheyhaveextramoneytobuyaprivatecar.Therefore,exhaustgascanbeproducedeasilyandincreasingly.Theseexhaustgasincludescarbonmonoxide(一氧化碳)nitrogenoxides（氮氧化合物）,hydrocarbons(碳氢化合物）andsoon.PrivatecarsmokeMotorvehiclesmokestatisticsUrbanConstruction4.IndustrialDistribution（工业布局）Thedispersion(分散性)makesindustrialareasandminingareassubjecttodifferentdegreesofimpact5.Greening(绿化)Forsomeemergingindustrialcity,greeninghasnotkeptpacewiththedevelopmentofindustrialization。Dailylife6.Burninggarbageandstrawscancausealargeamountofharmfulsmoke.7.Pollutionincreasedbythemeansofcuttingdownthetreesdisorderly.8.Thecopiersandprinters(复印机，印刷机)canalsocauseharmfulgases.9.Theuseofpaint(油漆)inroomdecorationwillleadtoairpollution10.Theuseofpesticides（农药）alsopollutetheair11.Learningtousecorrectionfluid.GarbageburningAirPollution’sPreventionReducepollutantsBigfactoriesshouldabidebytheenvironmentallawsandrulesclosely,notgivingoffwastegasesintotheairdirectlywithoutdisposal.Reformtheenergystructureandusemorepollution–freeenergyandlowpollutionenergy.SolarenergyNaturalgasControlemissionandmakefulluseofatmosphereself-purification(自净)capability.Thetailgasesfromcars,busesandtrucksshouldneverexceedthenationalstandard.Plantheindustrialzoneandthenon-industrialarearationally.恒安工业区Afforestation绿化造林Itcanenabletohavemoreplantabsorptionpollutant,reducetheairpollutiondegree.ProtecttheenvironmentfromourselvesEnhanceenvironmentalawareness.Weshoulddriveless,usepublictransport,beonfootorbybike.AvoidusingproductscontainingChloro-fluoro-carbon(CFCs氟氯烃).Refrigerant(冷冻剂)Aerosolsprays,hairsprays(气溶胶的喷雾剂、喷发剂)casesandeventsAIRPOLLUTIONAirqualityinNewDelhi(新德里)willdeteriorate(恶化)toseverelevelsthisweekwhenIndianssetofffirecrackerstocelebratetheHindufestivaloflights,agovernmentscientistsaid,leavingmanyatriskofhealthproblems.Thewarning,basedforthefirsttimeonIndia'snewlylaunchednationalAirQualityIndex,issignificantasNewDelhidismissedaWorldHealthOrganizationstudyinMaywhichfoundthecapitaltohavetheworld'sworstairpollution.Beijingplanstophaseoutaround1millionvehicleswithlowemissionstandards(低排放标准),amovetowardallowingresidentstoenjoythesamegoodairqualityexperiencedduringtherecentAPECmeeting.ToguaranteeacleanskyduringtheAPECmeeting,BeijingtookaseriesofmeasurestargetingvehiclesfromNov3to12,suchasrestrictingtheuseofprivatecarsbasedontheirlicenseplates,keeping70percentofpublicvehiclesforgovernmentsandinstitutionsofftheroad,andbanningworktrucks.OnDec.5,1952,athicklayeroffog(一层厚厚的雾)settl