英语版中美文化差异PPT

ExploretheChineseCultureLet’slearntogether!SpringFestivalTheSpringFestivalfallsonthe1stdayofthe1stlunarmonth,oftenonemonthlaterthantheGregoriancalendar.ItoriginatedintheShangDynasty(c.1600BC-c.1100BC)fromthepeople'ssacrificetogodsandancestorsattheendofanoldyearandthebeginningofanewone.Strictlyspeaking,theSpringFestivalstartseveryyearintheearlydaysofthe12thlunarmonthandwilllasttillthemid1stlunarmonthofthenextyear.Ofthem,themostimportantdaysareSpringFestivalEveandthefirstthreedays.TheChinesegovernmentnowstipulatespeoplehavesevendaysofffortheChineseLunarNewYear.ManycustomsaccompanytheSpringFestival.Somearestillfollowedtoday,butothershaveweakened.SpringFestivalBeforetheNewYearcomes,thepeoplecompletelycleantheindoorsandoutdoorsoftheirhomesaswellastheirclothes,bedclothesandalltheirutensils.Thenpeoplebegindecoratingtheircleanroomsfeaturinganatmosphereofrejoicingandfestivity.AllthedoorpanelswillbepastedwithSpringFestivalcouplets,highlightingChinesecalligraphywithblackcharactersonredpaper.Thecontentvariesfromhouseowners'wishesforabrightfuturetogoodluckfortheNewYear.Also,picturesofthegodofdoorsandwealthwillbepostedonfrontdoorstowardoffevilspiritsandwelcomepeaceandabundance.TheChinesecharacterfu(meaningblessingorhappiness)isamust.Thecharacterputonpapercanbepastednormallyorupsidedown,forinChinesethereversedfuishomophonicwithfucomes,bothbeingpronouncedasfudaole.What'smore,twobigredlanternscanberaisedonbothsidesofthefrontdoor.Redpaper-cuttingscanbeseenonwindowglassandbrightlycoloredNewYearpaintingswithauspiciousmeaningsmaybeputonthewall.中国传统节日传统节日起源西方传统节日传统节日起源中国传统节日传统节日起源西方传统节日传统节日起源春节岁时农节圣诞节宗教节祀元宵节岁时农节万圣节宗教节祀清明节岁时农节情人节宗教节祀端午节岁时农节感恩节宗教节祀七夕节岁时农节复活节宗教节祀中秋节岁时农节狂欢节宗教节祀重阳节岁时农节主显节宗教节祀ThewaysoftakingcareofchildrenaredifferentIntheUS,childrenaremoreindependentTheyknowwhattobeatanearlyageAndplancarefullytoachievethegoalsInChina,ParentsusuallyprepareeverythingforusWhatweshoulddoistoacceptwithoutanydoubtWhichmeansrespectTheLeadingFiguresConfuciusLaoZiShakyamuniConfucianismTaoismBuddhismConfucianismConfucius•Confucianism(儒家;pinyin:Rújiā)isaChineseethicalandphilosophicalsystemdevelopedfromtheteachingsofConfucius(KǒngFūzǐ,lit.MasterKong,551–478BC).•Itisacomplexsystemofmoral,social,political,philosophical,andquasi-religiousthoughtthathashadtremendousinfluenceonthecultureandhistoryofEastAsia.TeachingsofConfucianismThebasicclouofConfucianismstressestheimportanceoftheindividualmoraldevelopment,sothatthestatecanbegovernedbymoralvirtueratherthanbythelaws.Goldenmean(philosophy):thefelicitousmiddlebetweentheextremesofexcessanddeficiency“Ridthetwoends,takethemiddleone.”RelationshipsarecentraltoConfucianism.Particulardutiesarisefromone'sspecialsituationinrelationtoothers.Ren仁(benevolence,love)&Li礼(rites)---respectforthesystemofsocialhierarchy.TaoismLaoZi•Laozi(老子;pinyin:Lǎozǐ;)wasaphilosopherofChinaaround6thcenturyB.C.andisacentralfigureinTaoism.•LaoziliterallymeansOldMasterandisgenerallyconsideredanhonorific.•TaoismistheChinesereligionwhichbelievesinghostsandspirits.Itemphasizedcooperationwiththenaturalforces.TeachingsofTaoismWuwei(无为;pinyin:wúwéi)isacentralconceptinTaoism.Theliteralmeaningofwuweiiswithoutaction.Itisoftenexpressedbytheparadoxweiwuwei,meaningactionwithoutactionoreffortlessdoing.剪纸PapercuttingisoneofChinesemostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.Thecolormostfrequentlyusedinpapercuttingisred,whichsymbolizeshealthandprosperitytreesOntheChristmastreedecorationsandgifts,asymbolofauspiciousnessTheChristmastreeisapartoftheChristmascelebrationThePalaceMuseumItreflectsFeudalritual,reflectsakingofsupremeauthority.ForeignconstructionembodiesthefeatureofreligionDifferentTimeconsciousbetweenChineseandwesterncountry.DifferentCultureDifferentTimeconsciousInChinaMostpeopleareusedtoarrivinglatefor1to10minutes.Peopleareusedtodoingseveralthingsduringatime.InwesterncountryMostpeopleareusedtoarrivingpunctually.Peopleareusedtodoingonethingatatime.Thispicturecanrevealtheirdifferentattitudestotime.westerncountryChinaForthepeopleinWesterncountry,timeisthemoney.Thesearesomesayingabouttime.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.时不待人Don’ttrifleawayyourtime.(莫虚度光阴)Timeflies.(光阴似箭)Moneylost,littlelost;timelost,everythinglost.(失去金钱,损失很少;失去时间,失去一切。)DifferentSayingDifferentCulture,Addressing一位美国教授来华任教，她主动让学生称呼她的名字Mary，声明不必以她的姓氏与头衔相称，如：Dr.Smith或Prof.Smith。不久，她和学生已相处很好，上门找她的学生络绎不绝，使她应接不暇，倍受侵扰。有的学生见面时，与她开玩笑说：“中国菜好吃吧？瞧你胖了不少呢！”在路上，一些陌生人也对她大大咧咧地喊声“Hello,Mary。”她渐渐地苦恼起来。文化差异：在美国，教授对学生，老板对雇员，甚至长辈对晚辈,常常主动要求以名相称，以示关系随和。但这是在他/她本人允许的前提下，而且是表面形式而已。如果素昧平生，毫无往来，或只是初打交道，冒然称呼对方的名字，会给人“冒失鬼”、“粗鲁汉”的印象。另外，对方平等待人、不拘身份，不等于可以让人肆无忌惮，无拘无束，没大没小。相处时，嘴巴上以名相称，心中仍应记住对方的身份。在一些庄重场合，例如：老师和校长在一起时，学生对老师不能象往常那样直呼其名，必须以“某某教授”或“某博士”相称。英美人即使当关系变得很熟悉时，仍然不会亲密“无间”。他们对各自的隐私领地会保持距离。隐私包括私人时间、住所、物品、年龄、体重、长相等等。在上面的例子中，中国学生犯了三个忌：随处叫名、随时上门、随便评论体重。所以美国老师很不习惯。特别忠告：称呼和上门要得到对方允许，交谈不要论及对方隐私InChina,thesurnamecomesfirstandthenthegivenname.Whilewesternersnamesarewrittenandspokenwiththegivennamefirstandthefamilynamelast.Inaformalsetting,westernersaddressmenasMister(Mr),marriedwomenasMisses(Mrs.),andunmarriedwomena