板栗三种树形的光照与结实统计分析报告园艺111班,邓娟,金伟康本分析数据来自于万方数据库《中国果树》2006年第五期编写者:曹庆昌兰彦平周连第兰卫宗摘要:本文比较了北京地区栽培的板栗品系怀黄3种树形的光照及结实性状。结果表明,板栗树的光饱和点为66700lx,光补偿点为875Ix;板栗的光合作用存在着明显的“午休”现象;开心形与疏层形树冠有效叶面积分别占68.83%、56.06%,圆头形仅为总叶面积的45.28%;开心形、圆头形及疏层形的外围结果率分别为82.73%、95.45%、97.56%;开心形与疏层形平均每苞坚果数及百粒重均明显高于圆头形。本文认为疏层形更能满足板栗对光的需求,有利于板栗增产,适宜在生产中推广应用。关键词:板栗树形,光饱和点,结实性状一、前言板栗是喜光树种,具有枝芽顶端优势和果枝顶端结果等特征,极容易出现树冠郁闭而内膛空虚、结果部位外移的现象,从而造成外围结果,产量降低。目前,从全国的水平看,板栗平均每667m2产40k,株产不足2妇。近年来,以修剪为主控制板栗树结果部位外移的综合栽培措施已越来越受到生产者的重视。板栗是北京市主要的经济果树,目前全市板栗栽培面积达万余hm2。为了提高板栗树对光能的利用率,为板栗密植园栽培探索合适的树形,我们以15年生优良板栗品种怀黄作为试材,于2003--2005年在北京市怀柔区板栗试验站进行了系统试验和研究,现将结果报道如下。1材料与方法试验在北京市怀柔区渤海镇板栗试验园进行。供试板栗品系怀黄15年生,栽植行株距为3m×2m。于2003--2005年连续3年在冬剪时将树形分别改造为开心形、圆头形、疏层形。开心形3~4个主枝,每主枝有侧枝4~5个,冠径为3.76m;圆头形7~9个主枝,每主枝有侧枝3~4个,冠径为3.40m;疏层形5~7个主枝,每主枝有侧枝4~5个,冠径为3.94m。单株小区,5次重复。于2003年5月至2004年9月,在树冠上层、树冠四周向里每隔50cm分别设置固定观测\点,测定怀黄光合强度、光饱和点、光补偿点,每周选择晴天测定2次。7月测定3种树形的有效叶面积,共测2次,间隔15天,计算平均值。9月下旬果实成熟时测定果实性状及产量。光饱和点、光补偿点8:00开始测定,每隔2小时测定1次,到16:00结束。测定仪器为中国农业大学生产的BAU光合测定仪。有效叶面积采用涂膜法测定,从树冠外围喷布液体膜,用网格法测定着膜面积,即为有效叶面积。二.数据来源表1怀黄3种树形树冠有效光照分布树形部位有效光照(%)5月6月7月8月9月开心型外层92.9683.42100.0098.3399.10内层84.2989.7171.7679.0369.51中心96.0097.1087.1998.8075.00圆头型外层63.6746.6417.0064.3963.89内层46.7024.1516.2427.8589.38中心31.8610.6715.7617.0616.43疏层型外错误!未找到引用源。层91.5868.5580.7567.6291.81内层65.6033.3454.8255.5049.33中心64.6017.6087.1848.2840.71三.统计分析(1)怀黄外层和中心的光照量和不同树形的比较数据如下:开心型外层92.9683.42100.0098.3399.10中心96.0097.1087.1998.8075.00计算:提出假设:21:对21:A规定显著水平05.0,两尾测验。测验计算:10.9933.9800.10042.8396.92511=94.8200.7580.9819.8710.9700.965190.8112=(2222210.9933.9800.10042.8396.92-510.9933.9800.10042.8396.922191222=2222200.7580.9819.8710.9700.96-500.7580.9819.8710.9700.96239411212222112nnse1.7383941914.551.7322221nSSe74.04.58.908.942121St查附表4,当v=5+5-2=8时,306.205.0t推断实得|t|=0.74,所以,|t|05.0t否定AH。即开心型树形树冠有效光照外层和中心层无显著差异.圆头型外层63.6746.6417.0064.3963.89中心31.8610.6715.7617.0616.43提出假设:uuHuuHA21210::对规定显著差异:05.0两尾测验测验计算356.18)43.1606.1776.1567.1086.31(51118.51)89.6339.641764.4667.63(5121xx56.2535)43.16.....67.1086.31()43.16......67.1086.31()(92.16805)89.63....64.4667.63()89.63.....64.4667.63()(22222222222211xxxx18.182.273567.18118.5182.27548.1934*248.1934856.25392.1680)1()1()()(212121212222112ssxxsxxxxexxtnnxx查附表4,当v=5+5-2=8时,306.205.0t推断实得|t|=1.18,所以,|t|05.0t否定AH。。即圆头型树形树冠有效光照外层和中心层无显著差异.疏层型外层91.5868.5580.7567.6291.81中心64.6017.6087.1848.2840.71提出假设:uuHuuHA21210::对规定显著差异:05.0两尾测验测验计算38.410852.27205.562)1()1()()(52.27205)71.40.....6.176.64()71.40.....6.176.64()(5.5625)81.91....55.6858.91()81.91.....55.6858.91()(674.51)71.4028.4818.876.176.64(51096.80)98.9162.6775.8055.6858.91(512122221122222222222221121nnxxxxxxxxsxxe15.164538.410*221sxx17.015.164674.51096.802121sxxxxt查附表4,当v=5+5-2=8时,306.205.0t推断实得|t|=0.17,所以,|t|05.0t否定AH。即疏层型树形树冠有效光照外层和中心层无显著差异.(2):怀黄的外层和内层有效光照量和树形的比较圆头型外层63.6746.6417.0064.3963.89内层46.7024.1516.2427.8589.38提出假设;uuHuuHA21210::对规定显著水平05.0两尾测验测验计算64.016864.40118.5116548.640*248.640892.344291.1680)1()1()()(92.34425)38.89......15.247.46()38.89......15.247.46()(91.16805)89.63.....64.4667.63()89.63....64.4667.63()(864.40)38.8985.2724.1615.247.46(51118.51)89.6339.6400.1764.4667.63(512121212122221122222222222221121ssxxsxxxxxxexxtnnxxxxxx查附表4,当v=5+5-2=8时,306.205.0t推断实得|t|=0.64,所以,|t|05.0t否定HA接受H0即圆头型外层和内层的有效光照量无显著差异.开心型外层92.9683.42100.0098.3399.10内层84.2989.7171.7679.0369.51提出假设:uuHuuHA21210::对规定显著差异:05.0两尾测验测验计算49.59807.28587.190)1()1()()(07.2855)51.69.....42.8329.84()51.69....42.8329.84()(87.1905)10.99....42.8396.92()10.99.....42.8396.92()(86.78)51.6903.7976.7171.8929.84(51762.94)10.9933.9810042.8396.92(512122221122222222222221121nnxxxxxxxxsxxe88.4549.59*221sxxt=26.388.486.78762.942121sxxxx查附表4,当v=5+5-2=8时,306.205.0t推断实得|t|=3.26,所以,|t|05.0t否定Ho接受HA即开心型外层和内层的有效光照量有显著差异.疏层型外层91.5868.5580.7567.6291.81内层65.6033.3454.8255.5049.33提出假设;uuHuuHA21210::对规定显著水平05.0两尾测验测验计算718.51)33.495.5582.5434.336.65(51062.80)81.9162.6775.8055.6858.91(5121xx79.348.7718.51062.8048.7582.139*282.139809.56048.558)1()1()()(09.5605)33.49.....34.336.65()33.49......34.336.65()(48.5585)81.91.....55.6858.91()81.91.....55.6858.91()(21212121222211222222222222211ssxxsxxxxxxexxtnnxxxx查附表4,当v=5+5-2=8时,306.205.0t推断实得|t|=3.79,所以,|t|05.0t否定Ho接受HA即疏层型外层和内层的有效光照量有显著差异.(3)怀黄的中心层和内层和树形的比较开心型内层84.2989.7171.7679.0369.51中心96.0097.1087.1998.8075.00提出假设;uuHuuHA21210::对规定显著水平05.0两尾测验测验计算818.90)758.9819.871.9796(5186.78)51.6903.7976.7171.8929.84(5121xx4.3935)75......1.9796()75.......1.9796()(07.2855)51.69....71.8929.84()51.69.....71.8929.84()(22222222222211xxxx92.3358.84*28.8484.39307.285)1()1()()(21212222112sxxsxxennxx35.092.33818.9086.782121sxxxxt查附表4,当v=5+5-2=8时,306.