奥德赛

西方文化素质专题讲座之GreekMythology(3)TheOdyssey•1.Wanderingonthesea•2.ReturnandreunionOutlineTheOdysseyisanepicstorywrittenbyHomerthathasbeenasignificantpieceofliterature.Odyssey•TodayOdysseyreferstoaseriesofadventures；longadventurousjourney•现代英文中的奥德赛是旅行者，漫长的漂泊,冒险旅行的意思。•1.奥德赛也是美国火星探测器的名称。•2.“阿波罗13号”的登月舱被命名为“宝瓶座”,指令舱被命名为“奥德赛”。OdysseyOdysseus(Ulysses)isaheroandveryfamousbothfromThelliadandTheOdyssey.HislongreturnhomeisthesubjectofHomer'sOdyssey.HewasthehusbandofPenelopeandverysmart.OdysseusexternalimageOdysseuswasconsideredthecleverestheroandwasprotectedbyAthena,goddessofwisdom.Heoftenfoundsolutionsforimportantproblems.Heisfamousforabilitytotrickanddeceive.Odysseus’distinctivefeatureOdysseus’sHomeJourneyofTenYearsAftertheTrojanWarhewouldhavealongerwaytogetbackhome.Withhiscrewsonboard,theysetoffforhome,Ithaca.WanderingontheseaTheislandoftheLotus-EaterstheCyclopsPolyphemus:aone–eyedgiantThesorceressCirceTheSirens'SongBetweenScyllaandCharybdisThecattleofthesungodHeliusnymphCalypsoPrincessNausicaaOdysseussailspasttheislandofthelotuseatersThe-Lotus-EaterstheislandoftheLotus-Eaters•TheCicones奇科涅斯人•JoinedtheTrojanwaronthesideoftheTrojans.•Odysseusofferedthem12jarsofwinewhichmadethemforgetallcaresandresponsibilities.OdysseusblindingPolyphemuswhenPolyphemushadfallenasleep,Odysseusconvincedhismentoprepareatreetrunk,makingitintoasharpweaponandthenthrustitintothePolyphemus’onlyeye，blindedhim..OdysseusBlindingPolyphemusThenextadventurebroughttheshipstotheislandofthewinds,wherethegodofthewindsAeoluslived.HelpedbyAeolusthecrewhadtheirsailsfullofwind,allthewaytotheshoreofIthaca.Theislandofthewinds•AeolusgaveOdysseusaleatherpouch袋子inwhichhehadimprisonedalltheboisterouswinds.•Theysailedoncoursefor10daysandwerewithinsightofIthacawhendisasterovertookthem.•However,curiositypushedthemfurtherawayfromhomelandandbacktotheislandofAeolia.•InthiswayOdysseustraveledtomanyislands,kingdomsbackandforthandsufferedalot.•PoseidonhatedOdysseusfordefeatinghissonPolyphemus,sohemadeastrongstorm.•Circe’swand:symboloffeminism女权主义的象征Circe,theenchantressinHomer’s‘Odyssey”whocharmedhervictimsandthenturnedthemintoswine.女巫，瑟茜是个美丽的魔女，有把人变成猪的力量，•AttheIslandofLaestrygonia,alltheshipsexceptOdysseus’werelostinafightagainstthegiganticcannibals.•TheIslandofAeaea•Twogroups:onetoexplore;•theotherattheship•Circeofferedthemfood,andmadethemswineappearances.•Hermesgavehimaplantmolywhichwouldprovideanantidote.•Oneyear•CircesuggestedhimtovisittheUnderworldtoconsulttheprophetTeiresias•Heofferedthebloodofablacksheep.•Agoodchancetogobackhome•ThecattleoftheSun•ThesuitorswooinghisfaithfulwifePenelope.•Hismother,heroesinTrojanwartheSirensOntheadventurousjourney,Odysseuscameacrossthesirens,whichhadbeentoldaboutbyCirce.Somepicturesshowtheyareterriblecreatureswithbirdsbodiesanduglywomen’sheads,whosangsobeautifullythatallthesailorswouldjumpinthesea.Odysseus&theSirensGreekvase,PaestanredfigureOdysseusblockedtheearsofhiscrewwithwaxandorderedhismentotiehimtothemasttoovercomethetemptationandavoidjumpinguptothesirensasshowninthispainting•InGreekmythology,Charybdiswasaseamonster，afiercewhirlpool.Scylla，asix-headedmonsterScyllaandCharybdisOdysseusthenkilledthesix-headedmonster.ScyllaattacksOdysseusandhiscrew•Toavoidonedangerbutfallintoanother;inadilemma•腹背受敌；进退两难，左右为难BetweenScyllaandCharybdis•ThecattleofHelios•Helioswasbestknownasthesun-godtheislandofHelios•Odysseus'meneatHelios'cattleSincetheyharmedthecattle，theywerecaughtbyCharybdisOdysseusandCalypsoOdysseusreachedtheislandOgygia,wherethenymph女神Calypsolived.Calypsowantedhimtomarryher,andShepromisedtomakehimimmortal.Theherodidnotrespondtothisandcryingbytheshore.FinallyAthenagotOdysseusoutofthetroubleThenymphCalypsoheldOdysseuscaptiveasherloverforsevenyears.Evidentinthispaintingoftheshipwrecked,OdysseuswasfoundnakedbyPrincessNausicaaandhermaidsattheshoreonScheria,whogavehimfoodandloadeditonaship,whichtookOdysseusbacktoIthaca.OdysseusandNausicaReturnandreunionDisguisedbyAthenaasabeggarReunionwithhissonTelemachusPlottogetrevengeonthesuitorsSeePenelopeandtellsherOdysseusisalivetheoldnurse,recognizesOdysseus'scarThecontestofthebowshootingTheslaughterofthesuitorsPenelopeThewifeofOdysseus.Shefaithfullywaited20yearsforhisreturnfromTroy.Sheputoffhermanysuitorsbysayingshemustfirstfinishacertainpieceofweaning,eachnightunravelingherday'swork.Penelopefig.afaithfulwifePenelope'swebsloworendlessworkOneafteronetheytried,buttheycouldn’tevenpullthestring.Penelopeputthesuitorsthroughafinaltest.ThemeninthecontestwouldhavetostringOdysseus’bow.shewouldmarrywhoevercouldshootanarrowthroughtheholesofthetwelveaxesinarow.afinaltesttothesuitors——shootinganarrowthroughtheholesofthetwelveaxesinarowThenOdysseus’bowagainstthesuitorsandstartedkillingthemwiththehelpofTelemachus.Odysseusslayingthesuitors•Odysseus-Returns-to-His-Wife-PenelopeWhatmakesOdysseusaclassicGreekhero?HowcanHomer’sTheOdysseybecharacterizedasthestoryofanepichero?Let’sstartwiththebrainsoftheoperation!Odysseusisintelligent,buthisintelligenceisofthecunning,slytype….notthebook-smarttype.Heis,afterall,amanof“t