SPC初阶培训

文档密级：内部公开SPC初阶培训文档密级：内部公开课程一Module1文档密级：内部公开3●流程Processes●变异Variation●统计技术流程控制StatisticalProcessControl●数据收集及量度Datacollectionandmeasurement●数据类别–计数及计量Typesofdata–attributeandvariables●统计技术Statistic●控制图种类Typesofcontrolcharts●失控图样Out-ofControlPatterns●稳定Stability统计技术Statistical流程Process控制Control课程一:内容Module1--Agenda文档密级：内部公开培训目标及大纲TrainingGoal&Outline目标-助你获得SPC的知识及技巧OurGoal--TohelpyougainrelevantSPCknowledge&skills.培训大纲-3个课程及2个练习TrainingOutline--3Modules&2Exercises1)流程，变异，数据，量度，SPC，失控警告Processes,Variation,Data,Measurements,SPC,Out-of-ControlSignals2)直方图，正态分布，控制限，稳定，能力Histograms,NormalDistribution,Controllimits,Stability,Capability3)控制图，反应计划，解决问题，SPC稽查ControlChart,ReactionPlan,Troubleshooting,SPCAudit什么是流程?Whatisaprocess?完成一件工作的一连串步骤Aseriesofstepswefollowtoaccomplishatask.步骤Steps成品Outputs输入Inputs流程的内容ThePartsofaProcess物料Materials人People机器/设备Machines方法Methods环境Environment稳定,能力及质量Stability,Capability&Quality为能做到优越的表现,工作流程必须:Toachieveperformanceexcellence,workprocessesmustbe:目标、绩效稳定Stable一致的,可预计的Consistent,Predictable有能力Capable持续符合规格ContinuallyMeetsSpecifications持续改善ContinuallyImproved个别成品之间不可避免的分别Theinevitabledifferencesamongindividualoutputsofaprocess.什么是变异?WhatisVariation?一般原因导致的变异CommonCauseVariation正常,常见,可预计的-自然的Normal,usual,expectedthings--natural特别原因导致的变异SpecialCauseVariation偶发性,不可预计的-特定的Sporadic,unexpectedthings--assignable变异何时何地都会出现VariationisEverywhere!物料变异MaterialVariation化学品浓度,混合比例及补料份量,不同供应商Chemicalconcentration,mixratios&dosing;differentsuppliers设备变异MachineVariation保养时间,损耗,调校过程Maintenanceschedules,wear&tear,calibrationprocess人为变异PeopleVariation技巧及经验,身材及体能,态度及纪律Skill&experience,size&strength,attitude&discipline变异何时何地都会出现VariationisEverywhere!方法变异MethodVariation程序文件,文件维持Documentationofprocedures,maintenanceofdocumentation环境变异EnvironmentalVariation时间,天气,厂房位置,空气污染Time,weather,locationofplant,aircontamination流程中太多一般原因导致的变异Toomuchcommoncausevariationinaprocess变异结果ConsequencesofVariation流程中出现特别原因导致的变异Anoccurrenceofspecialcausevariationinaprocess影响工作Disruptioninwork生产力下降Lostproductivity报废及返工Scrapandrework甩交货期Misseddeliverydates不稳定的产品表现Variableproductperformance不稳定的产量Erraticproductyields不稳定的产品特性VariationsinproductfeaturesAAAAAAAAAAAAAA什么是SPC?WhatisSPC?利用统计技术如控制图分析流程或其产物,以采取适当行动去达致及维持一个受统计技术控制的状态及去改善流程能力.Theuseofstatisticaltechniquessuchascontrolchartstoanalyzeaprocessoritsoutputssoastotakeappropriateactionstoachieveandmaintainastateofstatisticalcontrolandtoimprovetheprocesscapability.什么是SPC?WhatisSPC?SPC数据=流程的声音SPCdata=thevoiceoftheprocess!统计技术Statistical收集及整理数字化的事实数据Collection&arrangementofnumericalfacts.Data!流程Process执行一件工作的一连串步骤Seriesofstepstoperformatask.控制Control预防,预测,监管Prevention.Prediction.Regulation.SPC如何帮忙?HowSPCCanHelp?生产中DuringProduction发生问题时(特别成因)SPC数据会发出讯号SPCdatasendasignalthatthere’saproblem(specialcause).我们采取纠正行动防止问题Wetakecorrectiveactiontopreventdefects.将来FortheFutureSPC数据提供一个流程变异的历史记录SPCdataprovideahistoryofthevariationintheprocess.我们改善流程以减少一般原因导致的变异Weimprovetheprocesstoreducecommoncausevariation.生产中使用SPCUsingSPCDuringProduction1.收集数据Collectdata3.理解数据Interpretthedata2.在图上记录数据Recorddataonchart4.特别成因SpecialCause?6.采取纠正行动Takecorrectiveaction5.继续执行流程Continuetoruntheprocess是Yes否No7.准备文件Document使用SPC--例子UsingSPC--AnExample88.18.28.38.48.58.68.78.88.99123456789101112131415mils是否有特别问题发生?Didanythingspecialhappen?1.收集数据Collectdata3.理解数据Interpretthedata2.在图上记录数据Recorddataonchart4.特别成因SpecialCause?数据收集及量度Datacollectionandmeasurement什么数据需要收集?Whatdatadoweneed?为什么需要收集数据?Whydoweneedtocollectdata?如何得到数据?Howwillwegetthedata?何时收集数据;多久收集一次?Whendowecollectit;howoften?流程中那处收集数据?Whereintheprocessdowegetthedata?谁收集数据?Whocollectsthedata?1.收集数据Collectdata文档密级：内部公开什么数据需要收集?Whatdatadowecollect?1.收集数据Collectdata客户要求:功能;外观CustomerRequirements:Functional,Aesthetic产品特性ProductFeatures流程变数ProcessVariables文档密级：内部公开为什么需要收集数据?Whyshouldwecollectthedata?监控变异Tomonitorvariation.尽早指出流程问题Toidentifyprocessproblemsasearlyaspossible.1.收集数据Collectdata为什么?Why???????文档密级：内部公开如何收集数据?Howdowecollectthedata?如何?How?1.收集数据Collectdata我们需要一个测量系统Weneedameasurementsystem.文档密级：内部公开测量系统AMeasurementSystem方法-技巧,工具,经培训的员工Method--technique,tool,trainedpeople记录-数据收集表格,表达数据的格式(即控制图)Record--datacollectionsheet,formattopresentdata(i.e.,controlchart)计划-负责人,收集数据地点,频率,时间Plan--who,where,howoften,when文档密级：内部公开何时及何处收集数据?When&wheredowecollectdata?练习-那一个比较好?Exercise--Whichisbetter?流程中作测量Measureon-line最后检查Inspectatend文档密级：内部公开何时及何处收集数据?When&wheredowecollectdata?流程中作测量MeasureOn-line,DuringtheProcessSPC预防性Preventionfocus避免浪费Avoidswaste提供质量一致的产品Deliversconsistentproducts减少变量Reducesvariation主动性Proactive于流程终点作检查InspectProductattheEndofProcess检查Inspection侦察性Detectionfocus容忍浪费Tolerateswaste返工Reworksproducts容忍变异Toleratesvariation被动性Reactive记录数据RecordofDataY轴-量度y-axis-scaleformeasurements数据记录为一点Dataplottedasapoint88.18.28.38.48.58.68.78.88.99123456789101112131415mils平均AverageX轴-时间X-axis-timesequence数据的类别TypesofData计数的Attributes数量,等级,类别Count,grade,categorize不能量度的Can’tmeasureit一般是产品特性Usuallyforaproduct例子:Examples:坏品百分比%defectiveparts甩货百分比%orders