新概念英语第三册语法精粹

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新概念英语第三册语法精粹新概念三册语法精粹第一章新概念三册语法精粹第一章新概念三册语法精粹第一章新概念三册语法精粹第一章定语从句定语从句定语从句定语从句1.1.1.1.定语从句:由关系代词定语从句:由关系代词定语从句:由关系代词定语从句:由关系代词who,who,who,who,whom,whom,whom,whom,whose,whose,whose,whose,that,that,that,that,which;which;which;which;关系副词关系副词关系副词关系副词when,when,when,when,where,where,where,where,whywhywhywhy引导。引导。引导。引导。(下面十个句子请读5遍并脱口译出!)1.Thedeathnoticestellusaboutpeoplewhohavediedduringtheweek.2.Theman(whom)youspoketojustnowismyfriend.3.Thebuildingwhoselightsareonisbeautiful.4.Pleasefindaplacewhichwecanhaveaprivatetalkin.5.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.6.Hestillremembersthedaywhenhewenttoschool.7.Itisnoneedtellingusthereasonwhyyoudidn'tfinishitintime.8.Hehasthreesons,twoofwhomdiedinthewar.9.Mr.Smith,whosewifeisaclerk,teachesusEnglish.10.IntheSundaypapertherearecomics,whichchildrenenjoy.2.2.2.2.只能用只能用只能用只能用thatthatthatthat和和和和whowhowhowho引导的定语从句引导的定语从句引导的定语从句引导的定语从句A.all,nothing,anything,afew,one做先行词指物时B.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时,后面常跟that而不是which.C.先行词前有theonly,thefirst,thelast,thenext,thevery等词修饰时,引导词只能用that。D.当先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody时,后面要用who或whom;●Allthatglittersisnotgold.闪光的并非都是金子。3.3.3.3.asasasas引导定语从句引导定语从句引导定语从句引导定语从句as引导的定语从句有两种形式:A.引导限制性语从句。在此类定语从句中,as常与主语中作为其先行词的such,thesame或as联用构成,“such...as”,“thesame...as”和“as...as”句型,可代替先行词。例如:Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。B.as引导非限制性定语从句时,作用与which相同,as作为关系代词代替整个主句。(这是语法考试的一个考点。)[注意区别]:[注意区别]:[注意区别]:[注意区别]:as引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后,而which引导的定语从句不能放在句首。例如:Asisreported,aforeigndelegationwillvisitthecity.据报道,一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。新概念英语第三册语法精粹(二):状语从句新概念英语第三册语法精粹新概念英语第三册语法精粹新概念英语第三册语法精粹新概念英语第三册语法精粹((((二二二二):):):):状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句超级作文联接词及词组,全部拿下!①原因:because,since,nowthat(既然)as,for,thisreason....②结果:sothat,so,therefore,consequently,soasto,asaresult....③时间:after,before,when,while,as,until,assoonas,since,bythetime,once,lately,presently,shortlyafter,currently,atpresent,nowadays...④条件:if,onlyif.,once,unless,intheevent(that),incase(that),providedthat,ontheconditionthat,etc.⑤让步:though,although,eventhough(if),nomatterwhat/how/when→whatever/however/whenever....⑥目的:inorderthat,inorderto,to,⑦比较:than,as...as,bycomparison(相比较),bycontrast(相对照)....新概念英语第三册语法精粹(三):名词性从句新概念英语第三册语法精粹新概念英语第三册语法精粹新概念英语第三册语法精粹新概念英语第三册语法精粹((((三三三三):):):):名词性从名词性从名词性从名词性从句句句句王牌要点:通常由王牌要点:通常由王牌要点:通常由王牌要点:通常由thatthatthatthat或疑问词导出。或疑问词导出。或疑问词导出。或疑问词导出。1.Howsomemammalscametoliveintheseaisnotknow.(主语从句)2.Theattorneytoldhisclientthattheyhadlittlechanceofwinningthecase.(宾语从句)3.Theproblemiswhatwe'lldonext.(表语从句)4.Wehavenoideathathehascomeback.(同位语从句)同位语(同位语(同位语(同位语(AppositiveAppositiveAppositiveAppositive))))::::同位语是英语语法的重点内容,也是各类考试中的一个考点,同时,在写作中正确运用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。《新概念英语》第三册第一课有这样一个句子:WhenreportscameintoLondonzoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.(当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南45英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报告并没有受到重视。)在这里,awildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon就是同位语从句,它本来应该放在“reports”后面,这里却被放在了谓语成分cameintoLondonzoo的后面,目的是让句型显得更为稳重。I.简单记忆:同位语从句,就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。IwasgreatlyshockedwhenIheardthenewsthathisfatherdiedyesterday.(that引导的句子解释了news的内容,注意:that不做任何成分)Wehavetofacethefactthattheweatherisunexpectedlybad.(that引导的句子解释了fact的内容)II.联想记忆:能接同位词从句的名词有:belief(信仰),fact,idea,doubt,rumor(谣言),evidence(证据),conclusion(结论),suggestion(建议),problem,order,answer,discovery(发现)explanation(解释),principle(原则),possibility(可能性),truth,promise(承诺),report(报告),statement(声明),knowledge(知识),opinion(观点),likelihood(可能性)[大声朗读三遍,背下即可。]III.王牌要点:●同位语一般由that引导,但也可以用关系代词which,who,what和关系副词when,where,why,how或whether引导。Therearousethequestionwhetherwecouldwinthegame.Ihavenoideahowtoexplainit.●一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。(非常经典之功能句式,可用于四六级和托福作文,不妨一试!):ontheassumption(在……前提下),ontheground(由于……原因),ontheconditionthat(在……条件下),withtheexception(有……例外)owingtothefact(由于……事实);ontheunderstanding(基于……理解);Theyoungladypromisedtomarrytheoldmanontheconditionthatheboughtheravilla.那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头,条件是他给她买一幢别墅。IV.分隔式同位语从句为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻,有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾,(读两遍此定义,然后看倒句:)Anideacametohimthathemightwritetohertoaskmoreinformationaboutthematter.IgotinformationfrommyfriendthattherewillbeamarvelousAmericanmovieTitanic.V.同位语从句与定语从句之区别简单记忆:定语从句的引导词that或which在句子中用作主语或宾语,而同位语从句的引导词that只起连接主句和从句之作用,不用作任何成分。示例:I'vegotananswerthatAisright.(同位语从句,that不做成分)I'vegotananswerthatsurprisedmealot.(定语从句,that做定语从句的主语)VI.王牌重点:可以充当同位语的词组或短语。1)名词短语。(使句型更为简洁)BillClinton,thepresidentofAmerica,cametoChinatopayanofficialvisitin1998.LuXun,oneofthegreatestessayistsinChina,playedanoverwhelminglyimportantroleinChineseliteraturehistory.2)动名词词组亦可用作同位语:别忘了加逗号。(使句型更为流畅)I'mcrazyaboutthegame,playingbaseball.Goingtoconcert,thatsoundsagreatidea.3)不定式短语。(陌生只是掌握的开始)Theproblemwhattodonextremainsunsolved.Herclaimtohavefinishedhisworkisnothingbutawhitelie.4)形容词词组。(有逗号隔开)Alltheworkers,youngorold,shouldbetreatedequally.Youngman,shortortall,shouldhavetherighttotaketheopportunity.VII.同位语的引导词。(重要!这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分)引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系:1.namely,thatitis,thatistosay(也就是说),inotherwords(换句话说),or,forshort表示等同关系。2.suchas,say,sotospeak(譬如说),including(包括),forinst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