Topic-Sentence-pattern

1FormalizedstructureFromthedimensionoflinguisticstructure,acomparativelycompleteabstractusuallyconsistsofthefollowingthreemajorparts:topicsentence,supportingsentencesandconclusionsentence(s).1)TopicSentencepatternThefirstsentenceinanabstractisusuallycalledthetopicsentence.Byansweringthequestionof“what”,thetopicsentencealwaysgoesstraightforwardlytothesubjectortheproblemandindicatestheprimaryobjectivesofthepaper.Forexample:Thepaperpresentsasimpleprescriptionforestimatingtheenergyatwhichnuclearforcesbegintoplayaroleinheavy-ionCoulombexcitationandCoulombfissionexperiments…..SomeTopicsentencepatternsfrequentlyusedastopicsentencesareasfollows:Thepurposeofthispaperis…..Theprimarygoalofthisresearchis…Theintentionofthispaperistosurvey…Theoverallobjectiveofthisstudyis…Inthispaper,weaimat…Ourgoal;hasbeentoprove…Thechiefaimofthepresentworkistoinvestigatethefeaturesof…Theauthor(s)is/arenowinitiatingsomeexperimentalinvestigationtoestablish…Theworkpresentedinthispaperfocusesonseveralaspectsofthefollowing…Theproblemwehaveoutlineddealslargelywiththestudyof…Withhismanyyears’research,theauthor’sendeavoristoexplainwhy…Theprimaryobjectofthisfundamentalresearchwillbetorevealthecauseof…Theobjectiveofourinvestigationhasbeentoobtainsomeknowledgeof…Withtherecentresearch,theauthorintendstooutlinetheframeworkof…Theauthorattemptedthesetofexperimentswithaviewtodemonstratingcertainphenomena…2Theexperimentbeingmadebyourresearchgroupisaimedatobtainingtheresultof…Experimentson…weremadeinordertomeasuretheamountof…Theemphasisofthisstudyliesin…2)SupportingSentencesThetopicsentenceisusuallyfollowedbymorethanonesupportingsentenceswhichfurtherspecifythesubjecttobepresented.Researchmethods,experiments,procedures,investigations,calculations,analyses,results,andothersignificantinformationitemwillbeprovidedinthispart.Thesesupportingsentencestherefore,canbetakenasthemainbodyoftheabstract.Usefulsentencepatternsusedinthispartincludethefollowing:Themethodusedinthestudyisknownas…Thetechniquetheauthorappliedisreferredtoas…3Theproceduretheyfollowedcanbebrieflydescribedas…Theapproachadoptedextensivelyiscalled...Detailedinformationhasbeenacquiredbytheauthorsusing…Theresearchhasrecordedvaluabledatausingthenewly-developedmethod.Thisisaworkingtheorywhichisbasedontheideathat….Thefundamentalfeatureofthistheoryisasfollows.Thetheoryischaracterizedby…Theexperimentconsistedofthreesteps,whicharedescribedin…Thetestexperimentwhichwasusedconsistedof…4Includedintheexperimentwere…Thewinchiscomposedofthefollowingmainparts…Theauthor(s)carriedoutseveralsetsofexperimentstotestthevalidityof…Theyundertookmanyexperimentstosupportthehypothesiswhich…Recentexperimentsinthisareasuggestedthat…Anumberofexperimentswereperformedtocheck…Exampleswithactualexperimentdemonstrate…Specialmentionisgivenhereto…Thisformulaisverifiedby….Theauthoralsosupplies….Etc.5(3)Conclusionsentence(s)Astheendingpartofanabstract,concludingsentencesusuallyanalyzestheresults,explaintheapplication,andpointoutthesignificanceoftheresearch.Someusefulsentencepatternsarelistedbelow:Insummingupitmaybestatedthat…Itisconcludedthat…Theresultoftheexperimentindicatesthat…Thestudytheauthorperformedshowedthat…ThePioneerstudiesthattheauthorsattemptedhaveindicatedthat…Theauthorcarriedoutseveralstudieswhichhavedemonstratedthat…6Theresearchtheauthorhasdonesuggeststhat…Theinvestigationcarriedby…hasrevealedthat…Laboratorystudiesof…didnotfurnishanyinformationabout…Allpreliminaryresultsthrowlightonthenatureof…Asaresultoftheexperiment,theauthorconcludedthat…Fromtheexperiment,theauthorcametorealizethat…Thisfruitfulworkgivesexplanationof…Theauthor’spioneerworkhascontributedtoourpresentunderstandingof…Theresearchworkhasbroughtaboutadiscoveryof…7Thesefindingsoftheresearchhaveledtheauthortotheconclusionthat…Thedataobtainedappeartobeverysimilartothosereportsearlierby…Theauthor’sworkinvolvingstudiesof…provetobeencouraging…Theauthorhassatisfactorilycometotheconclusionthat…Finally,asummaryisgivenof…etc.Wediscussedthegeneralstructureofanabstractandlistedanumberofsentencepatternsusedindifferentpartsofabstracts.However,eachabstracthasitsowncharacteristicsduetoitsparticularsubjectandpurpose.Inpreparinganabstract,therefore,weshouldchoosethestructuresuitabletoourspecificpaperandavoidadheringtoanyrigidpatterns.8