搜索
Grammar一动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形(do)”构成，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。Todo在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。作主语Tobeadoctorishard.TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.1.做医生很难。2.学好英语不容易。Itishardtobeadoctor.ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.1.It’sgoodforustoreadEnglishinthemorning.2.ItisimportantforstudentstouseEnglisheveryday.总结：如果知道动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。作宾语Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.Shewantstohaveapicnic.1.他们每天早晨8点开始工作。2.她想要去野餐。动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语。注意：（1）如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”1.Hewantstogoandhaveaswimwithus.（2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。IfinditinterestingtolearnEnglishwithyou.能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,decide,agree,offer,refuse,start,want,forget,remember,show,learn,like,hate,love,ask等。Remember!e.g.wecan’tafford___________(pay)forsuchabighouse.tobuy作宾补Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.1)1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/like/invite/encourage/teach/allowsb.todosth.如:Hedidn’tallowus_______(smoke)inhishouse.tosmoke2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：1)Let/make/havesb.dosth.Lettheboygooutnow.2)see/watch/hear/notice/feelsb.dosth.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballyesterday.3)wouldrather，hadbetter句型后4)Why…/whynot…句型后•5）but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。比较：•Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.•他只想出去玩。•Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.•除了吃这药，他什么都信。1.如果上述结构变为被动语态,原来不带to的不定式要加to。如:Isawhimgoupstairs.Hewasseentogoupstairs.有人看见他上楼去了。Becareful!注意1:2.带to的否定式是直接在to之前加not.Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.3.省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.Lettheboynotgo.注意2作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要说的吗?2.她没有纸写字。Shehasnopapertowriteon.动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。Itseemsthathehasnopen______.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith注意如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，其后应加上必要的介词E.g.Hehasnohousetolivein.他没有房子住。不定式作定语，往往表示将要发生的动作。Ihavealotofworktodo.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.注意作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语.原因状语.结果状语目的状语:常用的结构—todo;inordertodo,soastodo,so/such…astodo,etc.Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.结果状语:常与only,enough或too连用。Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.原因状语:一般用在句尾I’mgladtoseeyou.Shewepttoseethesight.•不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer.Nooneknowshowtodoit.Ireallydon’tknowwhichonetochoose.Whenandwheretohavethepartyisnotknown.与疑问词连用表语宾语表语宾语动词不定式的时态1.Heseemstoknowthis.2.Ihopetoseeyounextweek.㈠.一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）与句子谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。㈡.进行式(tobedoing)1.HepretendedtobeworkingwhenIcamein.2.Heseemstobethinkingdeeply,withoutnoticingmepassinghim.表示谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.不定式的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。动词不定式的语态㈠.主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)1.WewanttolearnEnglishwell.2.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.动词不定式的语态㈡.被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)1.Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.2.Heclaimed____inthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadlyD.tohavebeenbadlytreated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.注意B.动词不定式之后可加疑问词，通常做主语，宾语。Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?注意C.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?B:Yes,I’dloveto(cometoyourparty).一.选择填空：1.Heaskedme________hereearlier.A.comeB.tocomeC.comingD.came2.Pleasetellhim_______onthewall.A.don’tdrawB.tonotdrawC.nottodrawD.notdraw3.Hewanted________acupoftea.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.had4.I’dlike________awordwithyou.A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have5.Icamehere_______myuncle.A.sawB.toseeC.seeingD.tobe6.Themanrefused（拒绝）________backhiswords.A.totakeB.takingC.tookD.takes7.Icanletyou________oneticket.A.tohaveB.haveC.havingD.had8.Weoftenheardhim_________inhisroom.A.tosingB.singsC.sangD.sing9.Hewasmade________dayandnight.A.workB.workingC.toworkD.worked10.Hestopped______alook,butsawnothing.A.havingB.tohaveC.haveD.had