unit-10-strong-form-and-weak-form

Unit10StrongFormsandWeakFormsCompletePlosiveandIncompletePlosivel.StrongFormandWeakForm1)Definition2)TheImportanceofWeakFrom3)CategoriesofClassifiedItsWeakFormWords4)ExampleofWeakFormWords5)Contractionll.TheImportanceof/ə/Definition:Strongformandweakform:twodifferentwaysofpronouncingtheword.Theweakformisanalternatepronunciationofawordwhichissoreducedinit’sarticulationthatisconsistsofadifferentsetofphonemes.Thestrongformofawordisusedwhenthewordissaidinisolation,orinconnectedspeechinwhichthewordshouldbestressedorcited.Compare:‘Lookatme.Lookat‘me.TheImportanceofLearningWeakFormsTworeasonsaresaidtobemostimportantinlearningtousetheunstressedformsinEnglish.Firstly,mostnativespeakersofEnglishfindan“all-strongform”pronunciationveryunpleasant.Secondly,learnerswhoarenotfamiliarwiththeuseofweakformsarelikelytohavedifficultyunderstandingnativespeakers.Informationwordsvs.functionwordsInformationwords:nouns,verbs,adjectives,andadverbsgivinginformationaboutwho,what,when,where,why,howexpressingthemainideaorcontentofthephraseorsentenceFunctionwords:articles,pronouns,possessives,prepositions,auxiliaryverbs,andconjunctionsconnectingtheinformationwordstoformgrammaticalsentences.Informationwords&functionwordsInformationwordsNounsVerbsAdjectivesadverbsFunctionwordsarticlesprepositionsauxiliaryverbsconjunctionspossessivespronounsCategoriesofClassifieditsWeakFormWords1)Determines限定词2)Pronouns名词3)Connectives连接词4)Auxiliaryverbs助动词5)Prepositions介词ExampleofWeakFormWords1.Reducedvowelsoundsto/ə/:at→/ət/.had→/həd/.must→/məst/.2.Shortensomelongsound:be→/bi/.been→/bin/.3.Leaveonevowelsoundout:am→/m/.has→/z/.have→/v/.4.Omitsomeconsonantsand→/ən/.have→/əv/.would→/əd/.WeakFormUsedFrequentlyInEnglishContractioncanberegardedasweakformNote1.Whenthequestionisansweredinshortform,theauxiliaryverbshouldadoptthestrongform,like:---Willyoucometomorrow?---Yes,I‘will.2.Whentheprepisplacedattheendofasentence,itshouldadoptthestrongform.----Whoishewaiting‘for?3.Whentheprepisfollowedbyanunstressedpersonalpronoun,itshouldbethestrongform.----I’vebeenwaiting‘foryou.TheImportanceof/ə/Listentothefollowingwords.Firstyouwillhearthefunctionwordinitsstrongformandweakform.Thenyouwillhearasentencewiththeweakformoftheword.1.aWe'vegotadog.2.anTakeanapple.3.herWhat'shername?4.hisJohnhadhishaircut.5.ourWecandoitonourown.6.someGetmesomewater.7.theTheysawtheyoungandtheold.8.yourTakeyourtime.9.heWhatdidhedo?10.meLetmehavealook.11.sheDidshecome?12.themLetthemgo.13.usHetoldusastory.14.weHereweare.15.youDidyouseemypen?16.himGivehimapen.17.amI'mproudofit.18.areWhatareyoudoing?19.beDon'tbelate.20.canWhatcanIdo?21.doWhatdoyoudoonSundays?22.doesWhendoesthetrainleave?23.hadHowmanyhadhehad?24.hasWhathashappened?25.haveThekidshavegone.26.isHeiscoming.27.mustWemustgonow.28.shallWhatshallwedo?29.wasHewasout.30.wereWewerealllate.31.willThatwilldo.32atLookathim.33.forIsitforme?34.fromTheycomefromthestates.35.ofIt'sverykindofyou.36.toYoudon'thavetoworry.37.andWehadfishandchips.38.asJustasyoulike.39.butIt'sgoodbutexpensive.40.soIt'snotsocoldhere.41.thanIt'sbiggerthanthis.42.thatHesaidthathewascoming.CompletePlosivesDefinition:Whenoneplosiveisfollowedbyanotherplosive,thefirstdoesnotreleasebreaththoughstillinpositionandformtheobstruction,thentoproducethesecondplosiveimmediately.(当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时，前面的爆破音不发生爆破）’Whattimegood’bye’bedtime’big‘kiteIncompletePlosivesDefinition:Whenoneplosiveisfollowedbyafricative,affricative,nasalorlateral,theplosiveispronouncedincompletely.(第一个爆破音发出的声音是非常轻微的，这种现象要不完全爆破).摩擦音：/f//v//θ//ð//s//z//ʃ//ʒ//h/破擦音：/tʃ//dʒ//tr//dr//ts//dz/Picture/’piktʃə/bigjug/’big‘dʒΛg/Listentothefollowingtalkandwritetheunstressedwordsinthespace.Now,______________end___________morning____________all______able_______collect______timetable_____________collegeoffice._________see________firstlecture_____________nineo'clock___________morning_________last___________fouro'clock__________afternoon.Most__________,________factall___________,__________find____________sparetimewithoutlecturesorlaboratorysessions._________collegelibrary________privatestudyrooms_________openallday__________nine___________morningtilleight________evening_______privatestudy._______students'unioncommonroom________alsoopen____________sametimes.And…er…______handover______MrsWhite,who________tell________aboutstudents'welfare,sportsclubs_________examinations.SpeakingExerciseA.Determiners:a,an,the,her,his,our,some,your1.abreakTakeabreak.2.aringBuyaring.3.ananswerGiveananswer.4.anideaHaveanidea.5.thecarTakethecar.6.thegirlHelpthegirl.7.theothersMeettheothers.8.theappleGettheapple.9.hercoatTakehercoat.10.herbagWatchherbag.11.hiswatchUsehiswatch.12.hiswifeSeehiswife.13.ourschoolNearourschool.14.ourclassroomCleanourclassroom.15.someteaHavesometea.16.somewaterGetsomewater.17.yourbossTellyourboss.18.yourbookBuyyourbook.19.yourtimeTakeyourtime.20.somesugarFindsomesugar.B.Pronouns:he,me,she,them,us,we,you,himDidhesaythat?Makesurethatheisontime