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（定语从句）定语从句定语从句在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系词充当从句的成分。Thefish(whichwebought)werenotfresh.宾语定语从句限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句引导词关系代词：关系副词:that,which,who,whom,whose,aswhen,where,why限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。起限定作用。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。Eg:TheaccidenthappenedonthedaywhenIlostmyjob.Eg:IspentawholeholidaywithJohn,whowasveryfriendlyandhelpful.2)非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。关系代词和关系副词的作用指代作用连接句子的作用ThattallmanisTom’sfatherandheworksinashoefactory.ThattallmanisTom’sfather,_____worksinashoefactory.whothat宾语(2)指物时，that与which可以互换，但要注意在特定情况下that与which的选用。I.关系代词的用法：1.that和which(1)that,which都可以指物.———还可以指人，在从句中作主语或宾语，作______时可以省略。Trueorfalse1.Allwhichyouneedtodoistopressthebutton.2.Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.3.ThisisthebestnovelthatIhaveread.×that√√4.ThisistheverybookwhichIwanttolookfor.5.Thelastplacethatwevisitedwasthechemicalworks.6.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandschoolswhichtheyhadvisited.×that√×that只用that的情况:1.先行词为不定代词或有不定代词修饰的如:everything,anything,all,much,nothing,any等.2.先行词被最高级修饰的.3.先行词被theonly,thevery,theright修饰的4.先行词既包括人又包括物时.(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,一般用that引导定语从句(而不用who,whom,which)。(5)that还可以在定语从句中作表语，(而which,who,whom,whose不能）that此时可以省略。Sheisnolongerthegirl_______sheusedtobe.thatWhichisthebook_______youneed?that用which的情况：1.用于非限定定语从句中.2.用于介词后Ihaverentahouse,whichisverybig.Iwanttorentahousewhich/thatisverybig.Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofplastics.Thechair(which/that)heissittingonismadeofplastics.2.who和whom(1)who指人，是主格，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。(2)whom指人，是宾格，在定语从句中只能作宾语。(3)who不可以用在介词后,而whom可以。Doyouknowtheman_________________Italkedtojustnow.who/whom/that/---Doyouknowthemanto_______Italkedjustnow.whomThenumberofpeople_________losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.who/that3.whose的用法(1)whose即可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。(2)whose指物时可以与ofwhich互换。whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhichofwhich+the+n.4.as的用法as在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。一般用在thesame…as…，asmany(much)…as或such…as…结构中。Suchteachersasheknowareallkindtohim.Iwanttobuythesamepenasyouareusing.Don’tbuysuchbooksaswilldoyouharm.(1)意思不同。as表示“正如…那样”,which表示“这一点”“这件事”。(2)as所引导的从句可放在主句前或主句后；而which所引导的从句只可放在主句后。(3)as所引导的从句中，动词常用know,see,expect,pointout,say,tell,report等。5.as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，指代主句一句话的内容，这时它们的区别是:Asweknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Asisknown,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.Hisdogdied,whichmadehimunhappy.II.关系副词when,where,why的用法(1)when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。(2)where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。(3)why的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作原因状语。关系副词=介词+关系代词1.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIreachedhere.2.Thisistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtoteach.III使用定语从句时应注意的问题1.在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词必须充当句子成分。2.关系代词的人称，性，数要和先行词保持一致，在从句中作主语时，注意其后的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。I,whoamastudent,studyveryhard.Heisoneofthestudentswhobelieveit.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhobelievesit.Thenumberofpeople(whowerekilledorinjured)reachedmorethan400,0004.theway（方式，方法）作先行词时，关系代词用that/inwhich/不填。3.在限定性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可以省略；但在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词不可以省略。Exercises:I.Fillintheblanks1.Theman_______________youmetyesterdayisafriendofmine.2.Didyouseetheletter_________wasputonyourtable?3.Herecomestheman_________Englishisexcellent.whom/who/thatwhich/thatwhose4.Thatistheday_______________Iwasborn.5.Idon’tknowthereason___________hewaslate.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingatthedoor?7.Thatisthebook_________thecoverisblue.8.Hewasproud,________Idislikeverymuch.When/onwhichwhy/forwhichthatofwhichwhichII.Choosethebestanswers1.Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.(NMET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.(92)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomBD3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpected.(NMET94)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it4.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.(NMET96)A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whenBA5.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET1999)A.itB.thatC.whenD.which6.Thisistheway_____Iamthinkingoftodoit.A.howB.withwhichC.bywhichD.\DD7.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome;___areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixofwhomC.sixofthemD.thesixofthem8.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome,___areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixofwhomC.sixofthemD.thesixofthemCA9.Myhometownisnotthesame____itusedtobetenyearsago.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which10.Isthisthefactory____youwork?A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.what11.Isthisthefactory____youvisited?A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.whatBCA12.Isthismuseum____youvisitedlastweek?A./B.whichC.theoneD.where13.Isthisthemuseum____youvisitedlastweek?A./B.whatC.theoneD.whereCA14._____isknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It15.____isknowntoallthatTaiwanispartofChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It16.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.whatD./ADB17.Theybothtalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedthemintheschool.A.whichB.whoC.whenD.that18.Idon’tliketheway_____youtalkedtoher.A.whichB.inthatC./D.bywhichDC