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Unit5NetChangesLifeNetChangesLifePartIWarmingupPartIINetworkandnetworkingPartIIIFutureoftheInternetPartIVShorttalksonlisteningskillsPartIWarmingupAvocabularyLeonardKleinrock雷纳德·克兰洛克Stanford斯坦福RayTomlinson雷·汤姆林森punctuation标点符号QueenElizabethII伊利莎白女王二世HeadofState国家元首JimmyCarter吉米·卡特WalterMondale沃尔特·蒙代尔campaign运动，参加竞选ColbyCollege科尔比学院Waterville沃特维尔Maine缅因州institution制度circulate传播hoax恶作剧AanswersOctober1969/firstemailmessageMarch1972/addressesFebruary1976/HeadofstateFall1976/JimmyCarter/US$4September1983/highereducation/accountsDecember1994/erase/destroyDecember1998Bvocabularytechie技师shorthand速记zoom急速移动decode译码，解码abbreviation缩写词humble谦逊的，谦虚的era时代BanswersasIseeitopinionworthifI’mwrongasamatteroffactbelieveitornotinformationownbusinessstandardfornowbeseein’youB•Onefeatureoftheinformationsuperhighwayisthatthetraffictravelsfast,andtechiesusetheirownspecialshorthandtokeepmessageszoomingalong.Todaywe’llhelpyoudecodetechtalkbyansweringsomenotsofrequentlyaskedquestionsaboutabbreviationsontheInternet.•WhatdoesitmeanwhenamessageincludesthelettersAISIorIMHO?AISIstandsfor“asIseeit”andIMHOisshorthandfor“inmyhumbleopinion.”•SomemodestfolkswillalsoaddFWIWbeforesharingtheiropinion,whichstandsfor“forwhatit’sworth.”OthersexpresstheirdisapprovalwiththelettersCMIIW.Thatis,“correctmeifI’mwrong.”B•ThelistofcommonlyabbreviatedphrasesontheNetisnearlyendless.Asamatteroffact,AAMOFstandsfor“asamatteroffact,”and“believeitornot”getspostedasBION.•Arethereanypre-Information-Ageabbreviationsstillmakingtheroundsinthishigh-techera?Youbet.TheoldstandbysFYI,MYOBandSOPwhichstandsfor“foryourinformation,”“mindyourownbusiness,”and“standardoperatingprocedure”arestillfrequentlyusedtodayeveninemail.•Sincetimeisgettingshort,hastheNetgivenustrulyshortandclearwaystosaygood-bye?TryTAFN(that’sallfornow),andBCNU(beseein’you).Canswers•TimBerners-Lee•inthe1980s•inthe1990•ontotheInternet•10/100,000•e-commerce•peoplewithimaginationandnewideasC1.TimBerners-LeeisthemanwhowrotethesoftwareprogramthatledtothefoundationoftheWorldWideWeb./Who?2.Inthe1980sscientistswerealreadycommunicatingusingaprimitiveversionofemail./When?3.In1990TimBerners-LeewroteprogramswhichformthebasisoftheWorldWideWeb./When?4.In1991hisprogramswereplacedontotheInternet./Where?5.Between1991and1994thenumberofwebpagesrosefrom10to100,000./Howmany?6.Rightnowtheworldisfocusedone-commerce./What?7.Theinventionofthewebbringsrapidrewardstopeoplewithimaginationandnewideas./Towhom?PartIINetworkandnetworkingAanswersA1:connectedsystemconnectionstationspeopleA2:ConnectionofrailroadsorothervehiclesConnectedsystemofradiostationsSystemlinkinganumberofcomputerstogetherA•Fewthingsinthisworldchangeasfastaslanguages.Everyday,newwordsarecreatedtodealwithnewideasornewtechnologies.Newmeaningsalsoareaddedtoexistingwords.Adictionarypublishedyearsagomayshowoneortwomeaningsforaword;adictionarypublishedtodaymaylistseveralmoremeaningsforthesameword.•Networkisonesuchword.Itcombinestwowords.Thefirstis“net,”itmeansmaterialsthatareconnected;thesecondis“work”.Onemeaningof“work”isasystem.Networkmeansaconnectionofsystemsthatworktogether.Thesystemsthatnetworksconnectcanbeverydifferent.Forexample,radioandtelevisionstationscanbeconnectedinthenetwork,socancomputersandevenpeople.•WordexpertMilfordMatthewfoundwrittenusesoftheword“network”inthelate1800s.Thewordthenwasusedasaverb,awordthatshowsaction.Atthattimenetworkmeanttheconnectionofrailroadsorothervehiclesusedfortravel.OnepublicationsaiditisonlyaquestionoftimewhentherailroadswillnetworkanareaoftheAmericanwestcalledthe“PanHandle”.Anotherpublicationofthetimesaidcompleteareasarenetworkedbytrolleycars,whichareakindofelectrictrain.A•Nowweoftenhearnetworkusedinconnectionswithbroadcasting.TheBarnhartDictionaryofNewEnglishsaysthatasearlyas1914,peopleusedittomeanaconnectedsystemofradiostations.Thismeaningcontinuestobepopular.Amoremodernuseoftheword“network”islinkedtocomputers.Anetworkisasystemthatlinksanumberofcomputerstogether.Networksmakeitpossibleforpeoplewhousecomputerstoshareinformationincostlyequipment.Manycompaniesandgovernmentagenciessharethesamecomputernetwork.Thecomputersarelinkedthroughamaincomputerorthroughspeciallines.Somepeopleareabletodotheirjobsfromtheirhomecomputers.•Computernetworksalsopermitanexchangeofunofficialinformationanddiscussionsbetweencomputerusers.Bylinkingtheircomputerstotelephones,peoplecanbuygoodsthroughtheircomputers.Theycansendmessagestofriendsinmanycountries.•Anothermodernuseoftheword“network”concernsrelationsbetweenpeople.Ideasandinformationareexchangedbypeoplewhonetworktoshareinterestsandgoals.ManyAmericansnetworktogetbetterjobsortomeetnewfriends.Meetingnewfriendsbynetworkingisnotworkthoughisfun.Bvocabularymerger合并anticipate预测pipeline管道，管线consume使用envision想象wiring布线dormitory宿舍admissionpeople招生工作人员priority重点restructure重建meager贫乏的Bvocabularybudget预算fraction一部分，一点儿bulk大块toll-free免费high-rise有多层的hallway走廊mowdown摧毁simultaneously同时地headoff阻挡antiquated过时的BanswersB1b.gettingassignmentsandresearchpapersc.attendingprofessors’“virtualofficehours”d.courselecturesEntertainmen