翻译-文本类型

1-3文本类型/不可译性翻译标准方法与文本类型Informativetext:(信息性文本)Expressivetext(表达性文本)Vocativetext(祈使性文本)翻译标准方法与文本类型informativetext:(信息性文本)includesnews,businessletter,usermanual,officialandpublicdocument,non-fictionaltext,legaldocumentsTranslationmethod:freetranslationCriteria:accuracy,readability信息性文本(Informativetext)Unemploymenthasstubbornlyrefusedtocontractformorethanadecade.A.十多年来,失业人数一直顽固的拒绝压缩.B.十多年来，失业人数一直居高不下。C.失业人数总不收缩，这个问题已经持续十多年了。Expressivetext(表达性文本)Includingliterature,essay,novel,poem,drama,autography.Translationofthesetextsareexpectedtoconveybothmeaningandform,theartisticeffect,theuniqueflavor,suchasdiction,sentencepattern,rhetoric,aswellasothernon-conventionaluseoflanguage.Translatorsshouldbekeenenoughtoidentifythesestylisticelementsandtrytorepresentthemintheirtranslation.2.表达性文本包括：seriousimaginativeliteratureauthoritativestatementautobiographypersonalcorrespondenceTip:Gaugethedegreeofitsdeviationfromnaturalness,fromordinarylanguageandreflectthisdegreeinyourtranslation.表达性文本--个性化语言这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这个村可就没这个店啦。”A.Thestreetpeddlerhawked:“Nowornever!”B.Thestreetpeddlercried:“Comeandbuy!You’llnevergetthemlater.”C.Thestreetpeddlerhawked:“Pleasebuy!Don’tlosethegoldenchance!”Hawk:totrytosellgoods,usuallybygoingfromplacetoplaceandtryingtopersuadepeopletobuythem表达性文本—文字风格Restbelongstotheworkastheeyelidstotheeyes.—StrayBirdsbyTagore休息与工作的关系,正如眼睑与眼睛的关系.表达性文本—文字风格Letlifebebeautifullikesummerflowersanddeathlikeautumnleaves.1.让生命像夏天的花朵一样美丽,让死亡像秋天的叶子那样.2.让生如夏花之绚烂，死如秋叶之静美.表达性文本—诗歌徐志摩的一首著名的有韵诗《偶然》（1926）：我是天空里的一片云，偶尔投影在你的波心—你不必讶异，更无需欢喜—在转瞬间消灭了踪影。你我相逢在黑夜的海上，你有你的，我有我的方向；你记得也好，最好你忘掉，在这交会时互放的光亮。Iamacloudinthesky,Achanceshadowonthewaveofyourheart.Don’tbesurprised,Ortooelated:InaninstantIshallvanishwithouttrace.Wemeetontheseaofdarknight,Youonyourway,Ionmine.Rememberifyouwill.Or,betterstill,forgetThelightexchangedinthisencounter.(100ModernChinesePoems,香港，商务印书馆1987年版)Iamacloudinthesky,Castingshadowonyourheartoflake,Don’tbesurprised,Ortooelated:Iwillbesoonfloatingby.Wemeetontheseaofdarknight,Youonyourway,Ionmine.Rememberifyouwill.Or,betterstill,forgetThisencounterandthelight.还君明珠泪双垂,恨不相逢未嫁时.WiththytwopearlsIsendtheebacktwotears:Tears—thatwedidnotmeetinearlieryears!3.Vocativetext(祈使性文本)Includesadvertisement,politicalandreligiousspeech,debatingspeechthatattachmoreimportanceonreaders’responseandtheeffectofthepromulgation.Don’tjustseebeauty.Openyourmindandfeelit.Withthetopup,theallnewVolvoC70isasportycouplewithdramatichead-turningstyle.Amere30secondslater,withthetopstowedbelowthereardeck,it’sanopen-airconvertiblethatpossessespowerforpassionatedriving.广告VolvoC70不仅外型优雅,驾驶体验更加卓越不凡.置身车内，仅需30秒，车篷即可滑入后盖板下方，变身成双门跑车，而且车头可灵活转动。您可尽享大自然的气息，在碧海蓝天之间纵横驰骋。Islifesodear,orpeacesosweet,astobepurchasedatthepriceofchainsandslavery?Forbidit,AlmightyGod!Iknownotwhatcourseothersmaytake:butasforme,givemeliberty,orgivemedeath!--PatrickHenry演讲难道生命就那么宝贵，和平那么美好，竟值得不惜以镣铐加身、屈身为奴来换取吗？上帝啊，阻止他们这样做吧！我不知道其他人会怎么选择；至于我，不自由，毋宁死！可译性和不可译性语言文字特有的现象，如构字，音韵，某些修辞格，具有浓厚民族色彩的词汇，浓缩历史文化现象的典故，成语。可译性和不可译性方豚翁老先生抱孙心切，刚占了个周易神卦，≡，是“小畜”卦，什么“密云不雨”，“舆脱辐，夫妻反目”，“血去惕出无咎”。--《围城》译文：OldFangTun-weng,eagerlyawaitingagrandson,hadjustdivinedalotfromtheIChing.ItwastheLittleBeastlot:“Densecloud,norain.”“Thespokesburstoutofthewagonwheels.Manandwiferolltheireyes.”“Bloodvanishesandfeargivesway,noblame.”(JeanneKelly,NathanK.Mao)鸳鸯笑道：“鲍二家的，老祖宗又拉上赵二家的。”贾母也笑道：“可是，我哪里记得什么抱着背着的，提起这件事来，不由我不生气！……”（第四十七回）“ItwasBaoEr’swife,OldLady,notZhaoEr’s”,saidFaithful,laughing.“That’swhatIsaid,didn’tI?”GrandmotherJiasnapped.“Well,ZhaoorBao,orbrowncow,howcanIbeexpectedtoremembersuchthings?Theverymentionofthemmakesmefeelangry…”Harwks放弃了把“抱着背着”的语意显化的方针，巧妙地利用“Zhao”和“Bao”的发音特点，仍然从音韵的角度出发，找到了与之语音类似的browncow(cow:[贬][俚]女人，婆娘)，既符合当时的场景，又体现了修辞特点。（冯庆华，2006：282）修辞1.Youcannotfight,youcannotflee,youhavetolearnhowtoflow.文化内涵鹬蚌相争，渔翁得利。Twodogsstriveforaboneandathirdrunsawaywithit.Whenshepherdsquarrel,thewolfhasawinninggame.Principle1.保留交际功能2.尽量保存原文的修辞美。ABedofRosesThroughtheages,roseshavebecomeoneofthemostrecognizablesymbolsoflove,romance,andbeauty.Theyfrequentlyappearintheworkoftheworld’sbestwriters.WhocouldeverforgetwordslikeShakespeare’s“arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”?Roseshavealsolefttheirpetaltrailthroughthemusicworld.BonJoviputthemoneverybody’slipswiththeirhit,“BedofRoses”.AndBetteMidlerbroughttearstotheworld’seyeswhenshesangabouttheminherlovesong,“TheRose”.People’sdesireforbeautyknowsnolimits.Andthroughtheyears,thequestfortheperfectroseshasdevelopedintoafineart.Knownashybridizing,rosebreedingcanproducespectacularresults.Breedershavedevelopedbronze,black,andblueroses,andhaveevencomeupwithathornlessrose.HomeworkExerciseConsumerdebtintheUKhasreachedanalltimehighof₤trillion.Meanwhile,advertisingspendingrecentlypassedthe₤19billionmark.Withtheaveragepersonbeingexposedto3,000advertsaday,itisnocoincidencethat80percentofBritonsadmittoregularlyover-spending.在英国，消费者债务已经达到历史上最高水平一万亿英镑.广告费用也在最近突破190亿英镑大关.平均每人每天要受到3000个广告的狂轰滥炸，无怪乎80%的英国人承认自己习惯性过度消费。ABedofRosesThroughtheages,roseshavebecomeoneo