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U1AlandofDiversity1.distinctionn.差别；特点；卓著make/drawadistinctionbetween对……加以区分peopleofdistinction知名人士gain/windistinction出名distinctadj.清晰的；明显的；明确的bedistinctin...from...在某方面与……不同distinguishv.区别，辨认，使有别于distinguishbetweenAandB=distinguishAfromB2.liveon继续存在，继续生存liveonsth以某物为食，靠某种经济来源生活livebydoingsth.靠做某事为生liveforsth.以某事物为生活目标livethroughsth.经历某事物而幸存liveuptosth.依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准livewithsth.接受或容忍某现象livetobe...=livetotheageof...活到……岁livea...life过着……的生活3.means手段，方法（单复数同形）bymeansof用……办法；借助……byallmeans一定，务必；好的，当然可以byanymeans无论如何bynomeans决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）byeverymeans用尽一切可能的办法易混辨析means指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。ameansofdoing/awaytodosth.／awayofdoingsth./amethodofdoingsth./aapproachtodoing做……的方法inthisway/withthemethod/bythismeans用这种方法means作主语且有every,each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有all，some,several,many,few等词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。Everymeanshasbeentried.每种方法都试过了。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有方法都试过了。翻译句子①这绝非解决问题的良计。②他借助一根绳子慢慢地下来了。解析：(1)选B。byallmeans意为“一定；当然可以”，符合句意。(2)①Thisisbynomeansagoodwaytosolvetheproblem.②Helethimselfdownslowlybymeansofarope.4.majorityn.大多数；大半A/Themajorityofdoctorsagreethatsmokingisextremelyharmfultohealth.A/Themajorityofwaterwasnotbepolluted.Themajoritywas/wereinfavouroftheproposal.beinthe/amajority占大多数amajorityoversb.超过对方的票数by/withamajorityof以大多数...赢得...majoradj.&n.较大的；主要的；主修，专攻minorityadj.&n.少数；少数民族；未成年5.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等cometolife变得活跃起来bring...tolife使...更生动；使...苏醒laydownone'slife/livesfor为...牺牲生命lead/livea...life过着...的生活make/earnaliving谋生6.despiteprep.尽管，不管，不顾Despitetheheavyrain,wearrivedatthestationontime.=Inspiteoftheheavyrain,wearrivedatthestationontime.=Despitethefactthat/Inspiteofthefactthattherainwasheavy，wearrivedatthestationontime.7.occurvi.发生；存在；出现occurto(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到itoccurstosb.todosth.使某人想到做某事itoccurstosb.that...某人想到……Justthenanideaoccurredtome.就在那时我想起了一个主意。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIhadleftmyumbrellaupstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。8.indicatevt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indicatesth.(tosb.)向（某人）表示某事；把……指给（某人）看indicatethat...表示……；示意……indicationn.指出；表明indicativeadj.指示的；暗示的9.force…into…强迫…成为、做、进入…Theyforcedhimintosigning(tosign)thepaper.Heforcedhisfeetintohisshoes.Shewasforcedintocrimebycircumstances.她为境遇所迫而犯罪。Thefellowforcedhiswayintomyhome.那家伙强行闯入我家。10.compare：Chinahasmorepeoplethananyothercountryintheworld.ChinahasmorepeoplethananycountryinEurope.11.SpanishsoldiersarrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcenturywhen(定语从句）theyfoughtagainstthenativepeopleandtooktheirland.西班牙士兵最早是在16世纪初来到南美的，（当时）他们同土著人打仗，夺取了他们的土地。PeoplefromAfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymovednorthfromMexico.非洲人从19世纪就在加利福尼亚住下来，（当时）他们是从墨西哥向北来的。Evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945whentheycametoCaliforniatoworkintheshipandaircraftindustries.更多的非洲人是在1942年到1945年间来到加利福尼亚的，当时他们是到船厂或飞机厂工作的。take捕捉、获胜、占领、夺取等takeatiger/afort（城堡）/aprisoner/adegree（学位）/abribe（受贿）12.the/amajority(of)大多数、大部分The/Amajorityofthecountryspeak（s)English.The/Amajorityofstudentswere/wasagainstthepolicy.Themajorityis/arealwaysabletoimpose(强加）its/theirwillontheminority.majorityn.大多数…Themajority____________forthebudget.Themajorityofstudents________hard-working.Themajorityofthedamage_______easytorepair.单独做主语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数，强调个体时，谓语动词用复数。minority少数……was/wereare/isisbein(the/a)majority占多数、过半数1).Thosewhoarefortheproposal_______.A.inthemajorityB.arethemajorityC.areinthemajorityD.isinthemajority2).Thenumberofstudentsinourclass___63andthemajorityofthem___cleverandworkhard.A.is;isB.are;areC.is;areD.are;is3)Youngpeoplewereinthemajorityatthemeeting.(Translate)√√13.declarevt.1）tomakeknownpubliclyorofficially宣布,宣告1).Thechairmandeclaredtheresultsoftheelection.2).Warwasdeclaredontheenemy.警方现在已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了.3).Thepolicehavedeclaredwarondrugdealersinthisarea.法官宣判这个窃贼有罪。4).Thejudgedeclaredthethiefguilty.2）Tostatewithgreatforcessothatthereisnodoubtaboutthemeaning宣称,声称,断言1).她郑重宣布她对此事一无所知。Shesolemnlydeclaredthatsheknewnothingaboutit.2).请表明你的立场。Declareyourposition,please.3).她声称自己无罪。Shedeclaredherselftobeinnocent.4).他声明此事属实.Hedeclaredthatitwastrue.(3)Tomakeafullstatement申报Haveyouanythingtodeclare?announce把大家所关心的事情，特别是有新闻价值的，做一般或正式的宣布。14.make/earna/one’slife谋生、习惯新的生活方式make/earn/geta/one’sliving谋生现在越来越多的年轻人去了城市并在那儿谋生。Nowadaysmoreandmoreyoungpeoplemovetocitiestomakealifethere.15.alargepercentagehavechosen…=alargepercentageofChinese-Americanshavechosen…...1).Alargepercentageofpopulationliveinbigcities.2).这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。Alargepercentageofthehotel’sincomecomesfromthevisitorstothelake.3).Onlyasmallpercentageofstudentsareforeigners.percent(用在数词后）（其余都用percentage)(1)Theresultisexpressed________________(以百分比).(2)_____________________(比例越来越大)ofthepopulationowntheirownhouses.(1)___________________(大部分)peoplecame.(2)__________________(百分之五十的学生)cameformworker’sfamily.asapercentageAnincreasingpercentageAlargepercentageof50percentofstudents16.establishatown建立城镇establishanewbusiness开创新事业establishfriendlyrelationswith…建立友好关系…establishthathewasright.证明他是对的。17.immigratevi.(to/into)移居，迁入他很小时