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汉英修辞与翻译SeeTextbookChapter72–学生课堂演示–汉英修辞对比与翻译–课后作业CONTENTS学生课堂演示For30Minutes4SoonI’llpartwithmybooks;I’llhaveto,thewaytheancientheroXiangYupartedwithhisfavoriteladyYuJiatGaixia.Thebookshadarrivedatmyhomesince1949,theyearthecountrywasliberated(fromKMTrule).Atfirsttheycamepiecemealand,later,insetorinbulk,somefromBeijingandShanghai,somefromSuzhouandHangzhou.Duringthefirstfewyears,asIwasfinanciallyembarrassed,sometimesIhadtoturnfromthebooksthatIwouldhavelikedtogiveeverythinginexchangefor.However,therewereoccasionsonwhichIthrewmymoneyonbookswithquiteasenseoflavishgenerosity.Inshort,havingkepteachothercompanyforover30years,Ifeltlifelongintimacywiththemall.我同书籍，即将分离。我虽非英雄，颇有垓下之感，即无可奈何。这些书，都是在全国解放以后，来到我家的。最初零零碎碎，中间成套成批。有的来自京沪，有的来自苏杭。最初，囊中羞涩，也曾交臂相失。中间也曾一掷千金，稍有豪气。总之，时历三十余年，我同它们，可称故旧。5Duringthetenyearsofthedisastrous“culturalrevolution”IwasnotinthemoodtonorwasIfitenoughtobotheraboutmybooks,asIwasnotevensurewhereImyselfwouldendup.But,havingbeentakenfromplacetoplace,gettingmoistenedanddamage,torturedandtrampledunderfoot,theyeventuallyhadcomebacktome.Someofthemhadgotlost,forwhichIwasreallysorry,butIthoughtIwouldnotgoandretrievethem,forIhadhadmoretoloseinthoseyearsandwhatIhadlostotherthanthebookswasfarmoreimportant.十年浩劫，我自顾不暇，无心也无力顾及它们。但它们辗转多处，经受折磨、潮湿、践踏、撞破，终于还是回来了。失去了一些，我们有些惋惜，但也不愿去寻觅它们，因为我失去的东西，比起它们，更多也更重要。6AftertheirreturnhomeIfeltaboutthemwiththesameaffectionsasIdidearlier,Itreatedthemalike,whethertheywerebigorsmall,oldornew,expensiveorinexpensive,classicalorcontemporary,sincetheyhadbeeninmycollectionand,therefore,gonethroughthickandthinwithme.Iwouldsighwithsignificance,whenIdustedandcaressed抚爱themandthenfoundaplaceforthemtogoto.IguessedtheymusthavesensedhowIfeltabouttheirreturn.它们回到寒舍以后，我对它们的情感如故。书无分大小、贵贱、古今、新旧，只要是我希望保存的，因之也同我共过患难的，一视同仁。洗尘，安置，抚慰，唏嘘，它们大概是已经体味到了。7DuringthelastcoupleofyearsIhadfoundthemsomenewcompanions.Inolongerstampedmysealorwrotemynameonthem;however,whenputtingthemontobookshelves,Iclothedthemwithanewcoverandputdownthedateoftheirarrival.近几年，又为它们添加了一些新伙伴。当这些新书，进入我的书架，我不再打印章，写名字，只是给它们包裹一层新装，记下到此的岁月。8ThiswasbecauseIwaswellawarethatitwouldnotbelongbeforeIbidfarewelltomybooks;myfatehadbeenpredestined.Asforwhatwouldhappentotheirs,Icouldnotforetell,muchlesscouldIguarantee.(TranslatedbuLiuShicong,GaoWei)这是因为，我意识到，我不久就会同它们告别了。我的命运是注定了的。但它们各自的命运，我是不能预知，也不能担保的。汉英修辞对比与翻译101.比喻comparison2.双关pun3.反语enantiosis/ironyCONTENTS比喻Comparison12比喻Comparison明喻(Simile):使用明显比喻词的比喻暗喻(Metaphor):使用明显比喻词的比喻英汉常见比喻词:像、好像、仿佛、如；as,like,asif,asthought英汉常见比喻词:是、变成、成了；be,become,turnintoAfigureofspeechinwhichawordorphrasethatordinarilydesignatesonethingisusedtodesignateanother,thusmakinganimplicitcomparison,asinaseaoftroubles?Oralltheworld'sastage?Shakespeare)Afigureofspeechinwhichtwoessentiallyunlikethingsarecompared,ofteninaphraseintroducedbylikeoras,asin揌owlikethewinterhathmyabsencebeen?or揝oareyoutomythoughtsasfoodtolife?(Shakespeare).13从上面的比喻词，可以看出，汉语和英语在比喻修辞格上的运用非常接近。因此，在符合译入语习惯的情况下，明喻和暗喻都可以用直译的方法翻译，利用译入语中相应的比喻词，来翻译原文中的比喻词，充分保持原文的生动性和表现力。比喻的翻译翻译举例明喻直译15雪白Aswhiteassnow冰冷Ascoldasice瞎鸡子Asblindasabat/anowl像泥土一样便宜Ascheapasdirt像蜜蜂一样忙碌Asbusyasabee像太阳一样美丽Asbeautifulasthesun鼠目寸光asblindasabat(beetle)轻如鸿毛Aslightasair/afeather翻译举例16Asclearasday一清二楚Asclearasbell(头脑)健全的Ascleanaswhistle光滑洁净的Asboldasbrass厚颜无耻的Asblackasone’shat墨黑的Asbaldasacoot全秃的,头顶光秃的由于文化上的差异，部分as…as结构不能直译，而采用意译或转译。如：17类似的英语明喻表达法(一）Asblackascoal/soot/inkAscunningasafoxAsboldasalionAsdarkaspitch/midnightAsbraveasalionAsdeepasawellAsbrightasday/moondayAseasyasABCAsbrittleasglassAsfatasapigAschangeableasWeathercock风向标asfirmasarockAscheerfulasalarkasflatasapancakeAsclearascrystalAsfreeastheair/abird18AsgentleaslambAsinnocentasadoveAsgoodasgoldAslikeastwopeasAsgracefulasaswanAsloudasthunderAsgraveasajudgeAsmerryasacricketAsgreedyasawolfAsmuteasafishAshappyasakingAspaleasdeath/aghostAshardasmarble/stoneAspatientasanoxAshotasfire/pepperAspoorasachurchmouse类似的英语明喻表达法(二）19AsproudasapeacockAsslipperyasaneelAsquickaslightning/thoughtAssourasvinegarAsregularasclockworkAsstraightasanarrowAsrichasaJewAsstrongasahorse/lionAsroundasanapple/aballAssweetashoney/sugarAssharpasaneedle/razorAstameasacatAssilentasthegraveastenderasachickenAssillyasagooseAstimidasahare类似的英语明喻表达法(三）20TeethlikepearlsTodrinklikeafishTofightlikealionTocomedownlikeatonofbricksTostickoutlikeasorethumb“名词+like+名词”和“todolike+名词“句型类似的英语明喻表达法(四）21明喻练习（1）1.老鼠对猫从来就是敬而远之的,就像朝露在旭日升起前就要消散一样。Therathaseverfledtheapproachofthecat,asthemorningmistfleesbeforethemorningsun.22明喻练习（2）2.老榕树(oldbanyan)的影子，也越来越看得更清楚了。---真像一位登高而望归人的老者呢……Whentheoldbanyanwouldbecomemoredistinctandclearer,itwasreallylikeanoldmanontopthehill,greetingusatourreturn.233.水是应当安静的!那可以同镜子一样,小鱼同水藻,没有藏躲的机会,人们可以临流鉴行,这是何等自然呵!Watershouldbequietlikeamirrorsothatthesmallfishandalgaecouldn’thideinitandpeoplecouldappreciatetheirreflectioninit.Andhownaturalitwouldbe!明喻练习（3）翻译举例暗喻直译251.五年的丛林生活将他变成了野兽。Fiveyears’junglelifehadturnedhimintoawildbeast.2.何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的火花。---徐迟《歌德巴赫猜想》Whatinspiringchapters!Theyaretheflowersofthehumanbrainwork.3.霎时间，东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。ATonce,theEasternandWestern