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1电信学院毕业设计任务书题目基于PLC的污水池液位控制系统设计学生姓名班级学号题目类型工程设计指导教师魏祥林系主任一、毕业设计（论文）的技术背景和设计依据：与传统的人工调节液位控制系统相比，变频液位自动控制系统具有节能效果显著、人工劳动强度低，系统工作可靠、自动化程度高等优点。为了实现污水池液位的恒定控制，本设计要求S7-200PLC作为控制器，完成对现场数据的采集、变频器的控制、PID控制算法的实现。二、毕业设计（论文）的任务1、熟悉题目要求，查阅相关科技文献，写出开题报告；2、方案设计（包括方案论证与确定、技术经济分析等内容）；3、硬件系统设计；4、软件系统设计；6、撰写设计说明书，绘制图纸；6、翻译一篇与自己所学专业或设计有关的英文资料；三、毕业设计（论文）的主要内容、功能及技术指标：1、系统要求用户能够直观地了解现场设备地工作状况及水位的变化；2、要求用户能够远程控制变频器的启动和停止；3、用户可以自行设置水位的高、低，以及控制变频器的启、停；4、变频器及其他设备的故障信息能够及时反映在远程单片机上；5、具有水位过高、过低报警和提示用户功能。6、专业英文文献翻译；PLCs--Past,PresentandFutureEveryoneknowsthere'sonlyoneconstantinthetechnologyworld,andthat'schange.ThisisespeciallyevidentintheevolutionofProgrammableLogicControllers(PLC)andtheirvariedapplications.Fromtheirintroductionmorethan30yearsago,PLCshavebecomethecornerstoneofhundredsofthousandsofcontrolsystemsinawiderangeofindustries.Atheart,thePLCisanindustrializedcomputerprogrammedwithhighlyspecializedlanguages,anditcontinuestobenefitfromtechnologicaladvancesinthecomputerandinformationtechnologyworlds.Themostprominentofwhichisminiaturizationandcommunications.TheShrinkingPLCWhenthePLCwasfirstintroduced,itssizewasamajorimprovement-relativetothehundredsofhard-wiredrelaysandtimersitreplaced.AtypicalunithousingaCPUandI/Owasroughlythesizeofa19televisionset.Throughthe1980sandearly1990s,modularPLCscontinuedtoshrinkinfootprintwhileincreasingincapabilitiesandperformance(seeDiagram1fortypicalmodularPLCconfiguration).2Inrecentyears,smallerPLCshavebeenintroducedinthenanoandmicroclassesthatofferfeaturespreviouslyfoundonlyinlargerPLCs.ThishasmadespecifyingalargerPLCjustforadditionalfeaturesorperformance,andnotincreasedI/Ocount,unnecessary,aseventhoseinthenanoclassarecapableofEthernetcommunication,motioncontrol,on-boardPIDwithautotune,remoteconnectivityandmore.PLCsarealsonowwell-equippedtoreplacestand-aloneprocesscontrollersinmanyapplications,duetotheirabilitytoperformfunctionsofmotioncontrol,dataacquisition,RTU(remotetelemetryunit)andevensomeintegratedHMI(humanmachineinterface)functions.Previously,thesefunctionsoftenrequiredtheirownpurpose-builtcontrollersandsoftware,plusaseparatePLCforthediscretecontrolandinterlocking.TheGreatCommunicatorPossiblythemostsignificantchangeinrecentyearsliesinthecommunicationsarena.Inthe1970sModiconintroductionofModbuscommunicationsprotocolallowedPLCstocommunicateoverstandardcabling.ThistranslatestoanabilitytoplacePLCsincloserproximitytorealworlddevicesandcommunicatebacktoothersystemcontrolsinamainpanel.Inthepast30yearswehaveseenliterallyhundredsofproprietaryandstandardprotocolsdeveloped,eachwiththeirownuniqueadvantages.Today'sPLCshavetobedatacompilersandinformationgateways.Theyhavetointerfacewithbarcodescannersandprinters,aswellastemperatureandanalogsensors.Theyneedmultipleprotocolsupporttobeabletoconnectwithotherdevicesintheprocess.Andfurthermore,theyneedallthesecapabilitieswhileremainingcost-effectiveandsimpletoprogram.AnotherprimarydevelopmentthathasliterallyrevolutionizedthewayPLCsareprogrammed,communicatewitheachotherandinterfacewithPCsforHMI,SCADAorDCSapplications,camefromthecomputingworld.UseofEthernetcommunicationsontheplantfloorhasdoubledinthepastfiveyears.Whileserialcommunicationsremainpopularandreliable,Ethernetisfastbecomingthecommunicationsmediaofchoicewithadvantagesthatsimplycan'tbeignored,suchas:*Networkspeed.*Easeofusewhenitcomestothesetupandwiring.*Availabilityofoff-the-shelfnetworkingcomponents.*Built-incommunicationssetups.IntegratedMotionControlAnotherresponsibilitythePLChasbeentaskedwithismotioncontrol.Fromsimpleopen-looptomulti-axisapplications,thetrendhasbeentointegratethisfeatureintoPLChardwareandsoftware.3Therearemanyapplicationsthatrequireaccuratecontrolatafastpace,butnotexactprecisionatblazingspeeds.Theseareapplicationswherethestand-alonePLCworkswell.ManynanoandmicroPLCsareavailablewithhigh-speedcountingcapabilitiesandhigh-frequencypulseoutputsbuiltintothecontroller,makingthemaviablesolutionforopen-loopcontrol.Theonecaveatisthatthecontrollerdoesnotknowthepositionoftheoutputdeviceduringthecontrolsequence.Ontheotherhand,itsmainadvantageiscost.Evensimplemotioncontrolhadpreviouslyrequiredanexpensiveoptionmodule,andattimeswasrestrictedtomoresophisticatedcontrolplatformsinordertomeetsystemrequirements.Moresophisticatedmotionapplicationsrequirehigher-precisionpositioninghardwareandsoftware,andmanyPLCsofferhigh-speedoptionmodulesthatinterfacewithservodrives.Mostdrivestodaycanaccepttraditionalcommandsfromhost(PLCorPC)controls,orprovidetheirowninternalmotioncontrol.Thetrendhereistointegratethemotioncontrolconfigurationintothelogiccontrollerprogrammingsoftwarepackage.ProgrammingLanguagesAfacetofthePLCthatreflectsboththepastandthefutureisprogramminglanguage.TheIEC61131-3standarddealswithprogramminglanguagesanddefinestwographicalandtwotextualPLCprogramminglanguagestandards:*Ladderlogic(graphical).*Functionblockdiagram(graphical).*Structuredtext(textual).Instructionlist(textual).Thisstandardalsodefinesgraphicalandtextualsequentialfunctionchartelementstoorganizeprogramsforsequentialandparallelcontrolpr