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UNIT1HowtobeHappy如何获得幸福TextReadthetext.AnswerthegivenquestionsandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesorparagraphsintoChinese.InthepasttwoweekswehavelookedatthehappinessformuladefinedbypositivepsychologistMartinSeligman,whereH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).Thisweekwelookattheconditionsinlifethatcanimproveourhappinessquotient.Step1:PeaceandquietJonathonHaidtinhisexcellentbook,TheHappinessHypothesis,notesthatresearchshowsthatwecannevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponses(theotheristhefearoffalling)andwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.Itisessentialtohavesomepeaceandquieteveryday.Ifyouareunfortunateenoughtolivesomewherenoisy,persistwithcomplainingtoyourlocalcouncil.Additionally,trywearingwaxearplugstohavesomerespite.IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesaltruismtoyourneighbours,whichwillmakeyouandthemfeelgood.Step2:RelationshipsThisisthemostimportantofalltheexternalconditionsthatcanimproveyourhappinessquotient.Oftenourdeepestsourcesofunhappinessarefoundinpoorrelationshipswithothers.Acruellyconflictualrelationshipwithapartnerorloverleavesusfeelingbetrayedandabandoned.Arelationshipwithourparentsorchildrenwhichisnotbasedoncompassionate,unconditionalregardcreatesisolationandmisery.Whenfacedwithsuchrelationships,themostpositivethingwecandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.Step3:ShareIfyouhavediscoveredconditionsorchoicesinlifethathavesignificantlyimprovedyourwellbeing,remembertosharethemwithfriends.Passingonwhatworksisessentialtoimprovethewellbeingofourownandothers.1.What'sthehappinessformulaaccordingtothepassage?2.Whycanwenevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution?3.Howcouldwemakebothourselvesandtheneighborsfeelgood?4.Wheredoestheunhappinesscomefrom?5.Whatisthepositivewaytofacewiththecruellyconflictualrelationship?ExercisesA.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domesticupset)有很大影响。2．在职场上，如果一个同事对我们表示威吓的话，会造成难以言表的抑郁情绪(unwretchedness)。3．我们不可能适应这种敌对关系，这种不良的人际关系会损害身心健康。4．如果这种坏情绪长时间留在人们的心里，会让人陷入无法解决的恶性心理困境。5．我们不应当回避这些问题，而是要正确面对它们。B.ReadthetextandtranslateitintoChinese.Therearemanybenefitstobeinghappy.Happierpeopletendtobehealthier,livelongerandeammore.Theyalsotendtovolunteermore,bebetteratrelationshipsandsmilemoreofwhatpsychologistscall“Duchenneorgenuinesmiles.Whatislesswellunderstoodiswhyhappinessiscontagious.AccordingtoJamesFowlerandNicholasChristakis,authorsoftheinternationalbestsellerConnected,peoplesurroundedbymanyhappyfriends,familymembersandneighbourswhoarecentraltotheirsocialnetworkbecomesignificantlyhappierinthefuture.Morespecificallyitheysaywewillbecome25percenthappierwithourlifeifafriendwholiveswithinamileofusbecomessignificantlyhappierwithhisorherlife.Similareffectsareseeninco-residentspouses(8percenthappier);siblingswholivewithinamileofeachother(14percent);andnext-doorneighbours(34percent).Whatthisimpliesisthatthemagnitudeofhappinessspreadseemstodependmoreonfrequentsocialcontact(duetophysicalproximity)thanondeepsocialconnections.Alas,forsomereasonthisdoesn'ttranslatetotheworkplace.So,whyishappinesscontagious?Onereasonmaybethathappypeoplesharetheirgoodfortunewiththeirfriendsandfamily(forexample,bybeingpragmaticallyhelpfulorfinanciallygenerous).Anotherreasoncouldbethathappypeopletendtochangetheirbehaviourforthebetterbybeingnicerorlesshostiletothoseclosetothem.Oritcouldjustbethatpositiveemotionsarehighlycontagious.【课文参考译文】过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁·塞利格曼定义的。在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+V（个人主观选择）。本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。第一步：平和宁静乔纳森·海迪在他的优秀著作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。巨大噪声会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种是对于坠落的恐惧），如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂的环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。如果你需要用大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得戴上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。第二步：人际关系这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们产生遭到背叛和遗弃的感觉。父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂与痛苦。当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法就是直面难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前行。第三步：分享如果你发觉生活状态或者做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友们分享。将有用的发现与更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极作用。【参考答案】阅读理解1.TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).2.Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesandwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.3.IfweneedourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesourkindnessandconsiderationtoourneighbors.4.Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipswithothers.5.Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorlearntomoveon.【练习参考答案】A．汉译英1.Noisyneighborsareoneofthemajorcausesofdomesticupset.2.Acolleagueatworkwhobulliesordismissesuscreatesuntoldwretchedness.3.Wecanneverfullyadapttohostilerelationships,whichinevitablydamageourwellbeing.4.Ifthisbadmoodstaysinsideourmind,itwillleadustoanunresolveddestructivedepression.5.Weshouldnotavoidtheseproblemsbutfacetheminstead.B．英译汉幸福有许多好处。越幸福的人往往越健康、越长寿、挣的钱越多。他们通常也会从事更多的志愿工作、更善于