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隧道三维建模技术的研究共42页第1页┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊摘要实际隧道开挖中，围岩的地质环境变化，围岩地质结构复杂性都将给施工带来不利影响。因此，在隧道工程施工过程中，弄清地下岩体的地质特征、地层结构、地质分布规律以及隧道开挖风险参数，对于安全、科学地规划隧道施工无疑至关重要。随着我国综合国力的不断增强，铁路行业突飞猛进地发展，这对铁路隧道设计、评审、施工、维护等方面都提出了更高的要求，传统的基于二维地图和实物模型的表现方式已难以满足对各方面的需要。随着计算机技术、计算机图形学、可视化和虚拟现实等技术的广泛应用，人们希望能通过更加直观的形式反映铁路隧道的实际情况，从而为方案审查人员和高层决策者提供更加直观的决策依据。所以，铁路隧道三维建模技术日益受到重视。铁路隧道围岩的复杂地质环境、地质结构都会对施工过程产生重要影响。因此，为设计人员提供更为直观的三维可视化隧道地质模型有助于其对地下岩体的地层结构、地质特征等信息进行综合考虑，提高施工效率，将隧道开挖风险尽量降低。建立隧道三维地质模型可以更为直观的方式表达专业设计人员的设计意图，同时，也为后续施工、运营、管理及维护提供了具有指导意义的途径。本文借用VC++开发平台,利用OpenGL软件接口,实现了隧道的三维仿真。通过系统运行,展示了三维地质体模型、铁路隧道的三维模型及铁路隧道内部地质剖面,能够有效实现对地质资源的数据管理、三维自动建模、三维可视化和空间分析等操作。本研究以以人为本的科学发展观的精神,对于在铁路工程建设中应用先进技术,实现科学的管理、设计,提高施工安全性等方面具有现实意义,为我们的铁路隧道工程建设进入世界先进水平做出了具有一定价值的研究。关键词：铁路隧道，三维建模，OpenGL，空间分析隧道三维建模技术的研究共42页第2页┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊ABSTRACTWhileintheprocessoftheactualtunnelexcavation,thegeologicalenvironmentchangesoftherock,thecomplexitygeologicalconstructionoftherockwillbothhavenegativeeffectsontheconstruction.Therefore,havingaclearunderstandingofgeologicalcharacteristicsofundergroundrock,theformation,geologicaldistributionandriskparametersofthetunnelexcavationcontributesalottosafeandscientifictunneldigging.WithChina'scomprehensivenationalstrengthincreasing,therailwayindustryisdevelopingrapidly.Andtherailwaytunnel3Dgeologicalmodelingtechnologyalsogotwidelyconcernwithalargenumberofrailwayconstruction.Railwaytunnel3Dgeologicalmodeling,inordertofurthermeettheresearcher'scomplexdiversityoftunneldesign,construction,form,constructmode,isdevelopedbasedonexpressionsofthetraditional2Dmapsandmock-ups.Howtoachievea3Dvisualmodelofthegeologicalmodel,tunnelmodel,andanalysisofthegeology,cannotbeignoredintherailwayconstruction.Inthispaper,weobtainthethree-dimensionalsimulationofthetunnelbyuseoftheVC++developmentplatformandOpenGLsoftwareinterface.Whilethesystemisrunning,the3Drailwaytunnelmodel,itiseffectiveforthegeologicalresourcedatamanagement,3Dautomaticmodeling,3Dvisualizationandspatialanalysis,thebuildingof3Dvisualizationrailwaytunnelmodeldemonstratethedesignintentoftheengineeringstaff,provideavaluableguidingsignificanceonthesubsequentconstruction,management,operationandhavehighpracticalvalue.KEYWORDS:Railwaytunnel,3Dmodeling,OpenGL,Spatialanalysis隧道三维建模技术的研究共42页第3页┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊装┊┊┊┊┊订┊┊┊┊┊线┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊┊目录目录摘要.............................................................................................................................1第一章绪论...............................................................................................................51.1研究背景及意义.............................................................................................51.2国内外研究现状.............................................................................................61.2.1国外研究现状......................................................................................61.2.2国内研究现状......................................................................................71.3研究内容.........................................................................................................8第二章隧道三维建模的理论基础...........................................................................92.1非均匀有理B样条方法.................................................................................92.2黄金分割法...................................................................................................102.2.1单峰函数............................................................................................102.3三维显示技术...............................................................................................122.3.1坐标系统............................................................................................132.3.2OpenGL变换.....................................................................................132.3.3OpenGL光照.....................................................................................152.3.4OpenGL纹理贴图.............................................................................16第三章隧道三维仿真建模.....................................................................................183.1隧道三维仿真系统场景的建模原则...........................................................183.2隧道建模分析...............................................................................................193.3隧道模型结构分析.......................................................................................19第四章隧道三维模型设计及内部计算.................................................................214.1隧道模型建构...............................................................................................214.2隧道内部计算...............................................................................................234.2.1隧道横断面的若干计算....................................................................234.2.2隧道横断面的曲线逼近....................................................................254.3隧道头（尾）计算.......................................................................................284.3.1隧道头（尾）斜断面的计算............................................................284.3.2连拱隧