6-Sigma概论

126σ-DMAIC36σ-6σ19826σ198846σ-6σ56σ-GE6σGeneralElectric6σ19956-Sigma500066σ-76σ6σ6σMethods6σSERVICEDESIGNPRUCHMarketingMFG..MAINT.QAADMIN86σσ“σ…”96σ100%FPS106σ66“”611121314MONTYHALL315123123123IIIIII166σ6σσ6σ6σ…6σ6σ6σ“”(MAIC)nnnnnnnn6σnn176σ186=3.4DPMO6σ--2308,537366,80746,210523363.4σσPPMPPMProcessCapabilityσ6σ196σ6-Sigma206σCTQ(uality)CTC(ost)CTD(elivery)CTS(atisfaction)CTP(rocess)CT=CriticalTo…21••“”D-M-A-I-C6σ-22…23–“”“”“”24☯☯☯☯11010010001000010000019931994199419941994199519961997Q1Q2Q3Q425-()()263σ4σ6σ93.32%99.38%99.99966%“99%”20,000155,0002207“99%”20,000155,0002207271_01_01_0172829/////3031…32……33CTQ,???CTQ,???…2000030002000MHz…••••34•••/••••••••••••/•••35361_01_01_01437=100%=100%=100%=100%=100%1_01_01_0153839LSLUSLUSLLSLUSLLSLLSL=USL=-40LSL(2*VOP)(2*VOC)USLT+3s-3s=VOC/VOP42VOP=3σVOC=3σ=1σVOC,3σLSL(2*VOP)(2*VOC)USLT1+3s-3sLSLT=VOC/VOP44µµ1σ1σTTUSLUSL(USL)(T)(LSL)(m)(s)(USL)(T)(LSL)(m)(s)3σ3“3s”3“3s”σLSL(2*VOP)(2*VOC)USLT+3s-3s=VOC/VOP46µµ1σ1σTTUSLUSLp(d)p(d)123456σ6σ?6σ?47µµ1σ1σTTUSLUSLp(d)p(d)123456σ6σ6σ486σ6σXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX49506σ51(DPMO1.5σ)2308,537366,80746,210523363.4σσPPMPPM6σ52IRS-()(140,000PPM)71,000,000100,00010,0001,000100101PPM0.43PPM(1.5)345621©1994Dr.MikelJ.Harry-V4.0©19946Academy?5399.99966%(6σ)•20,000•15•5,000•2•20•7•7•71•1.7•1•68•34199%(3.8σ)654?(1.5σ)σσPPMPPM2308,537366,80746,210523363.46556DCOVDMAIC56DMAICDFSS6σ6σ57D-DefineM-MeasureA-AnalyzeI-ImproveC-Control58f(X)f(X)Y=Y=nX1...XNnn-nnnnYnnnnn59KPIVKPIVKPIVKPOVCTQ“”KPIV1.2.KPIVKeyProcessInputVariableKPOV:KeyProcessOutputVariable60DMAIC61DMAIC••••••••••CTQ•••••••CTQ••••••••F-•••••••F-•••••••FMEA•••••••FMEA•••••••••Audit••••••Audit•62(CTQ)63ExteriorVehicleDamageEnvironmentalPorteraccidentIndustrialfailoutAssemblydefectunloadingaccidentloadingaccidentIn-transitbumpingIn-transitrubbingEnvironmentalLotAccidentIndustrialtalloutEnvironmentalUnloadingaccidentLoadingaccidentIn-transitbumpingIn-transitrubbingEnvironmentalTrucktoDealershipAtHoldingYardRailtoHoldingYardAtPlantMeasurementsEnvironmentVehicleCondition(ExampleA)6465DPMO664676869470••DOE–71572SPC731215178141115169121116141513.210.88.35.93.41.01.01.01.09135024681012141618983984985986987988989981098119812981198129919929939949959969979989999910991113.274------------------------------------------------------------------------------3σ3σ4σ4σ5σ5σ©1994Dr.MikelJ.Harry-V4.07580%80%92%92%71%71%6-Sigma6-Sigma(2000)6-Sigma5(2005)*7677%77%89%89%59%59%6-Sigma6-Sigma(2000)6-Sigma5(2005)*77787980668182Hence,Wejustdon'tknowWedon'tknowwhatwedon'tknowWecan'tactonwhatwedon'tknowWewon'tknowuntilwesearchWewon'tsearchforwhatwedon'tquestionWedon'tquestionwhatwedon'tmeasure6SigmaCredo6833456•••OFAT•••84//CTQ8516-Sigma26-Sigma346-Sigma567896-Sigma106-Sigma11126-Sigma866σ6σ6σσ6σ6σ…6σ6σ6σ“”(MAIC)nnnnnnnnnn87