MIL-STD-1916DEPARTMENTOFDEFENSETESTMETHODSTANDARDDODPREFERREDMETHODSFORACCEPTANCEOFPRODUCT国防部试验方法标准MIL-STD-1916,国防部优先使用的产品验收(允收)方法1.SCOPE适用范围1.1Scope.ThepurposeofthisstandardistoencouragedefensecontractorsandothercommercialorganizationssupplyinggoodsandservicestotheU.S.Governmenttosubmitefficientandeffectiveprocesscontrol(prevention)proceduresinplaceofprescribedsamplingrequirements.ThegoalistosupportthemovementawayfromanAQL-basedinspection(detection)strategytoimplementationofaneffectiveprevention-basedstrategyincludingacomprehensivequalitysystem,continuousimprovementandpartnershipwiththeGovernment.TheunderlyingthemeisapartnershipbetweenDoDandthedefensesupplier,withtherequisitecompetenceofbothparties,andaclearmutualbenefitfromprocessescapableofconsistentlyhighqualityproductsandservices.Theobjectiveistocreateanatmospherewhereeverynoncomplianceisanopportunityforcorrectiveactionandimprovementratherthanonewhereacceptablequalitylevelsarethecontractuallysufficientgoals.(教材第4.2节)1.1适用范围:本标准之目的是鼓励国防承包商(供应者)及其它供应美国政府商品与服务的商业组织呈递有效率与有效果的过程管制程序(预防产生不符合)以取代规定的抽样检验要求,长期的目标是支持(远离)从允收质量水平(AQL)为基础的检验(侦测不符合)策略,倾向到实施一个有效的预防产生不符合为基础的策略,包括范围广泛的质量管理系统、持续改进及成为政府(供应者)合作伙伴关系。下面的话题是国防部(顾客)与国防承包商(供应者)的合作伙伴关系,从前后一致地有能力提供高质量产品与服务的过程,包括双方当事者需要的胜任能力在内,加上有一个清晰的互利关系。目标是创造一种气氛,将每一个不符合视为矫正措施与改进机会,而不是可接受的质量水平是合约上的充分目的地(昀终目标)。1.2Applicability.Thisstandard,whenreferencedinthecontract,specification,orpurchaseorder,isapplicabletotheprimecontractor,andshouldbeextendedtosubcontractorsorvendorfacilities.Thequalityplansaretobeappliedasspecifiedinthecontractdocuments,anddeliverablesmaybesubmittedforacceptanceiftherequirementsofthisstandardhavebeenmet.(教材第4.3.1节)1.2适用性:当合约、产品规格或采购订单引用本标准时,是适用于昀初级的承包商(首位的供应者)及须延伸适用至分包商或次级的供应商场所。如果本标准的要求均已符合满足,质量计划(请另参照ISO90003.7.5之解释)是运1用作为合约文件的指定部份,及待运交的商品可送交请求验收。1.3Applications.Qualityplansandproceduresinthisstandardmaybeusedwhenappropriatetoassessconformancetorequirementsofthefollowing:1.3应用范围:当适用时,本标准内的质量计划与程序可用来评估下列产品要求的符合性:(教材第4.3.2节)a.Enditems昀终产品;b.Componentorbasicmaterials零组件或基本原物料;c.Operationsorservices作业或服务;d.Materialinprocess制程中的在制品;e.Suppliesinstorage库存(仓储里)的供应品;f.Maintenanceoperations维护作业;g.Dataorrecords数据与纪录;h.Administrativeprocedures行政管理程序。Note,usetheword“product”throughoutthisstandardalsoreferstoservicesandotherdeliverables.备考:本标准全文中使用“产品”一词,亦涉及(提及)“服务”及“其它待运交的商品”。1.4Productrequirement.Thecontractorisrequiredtosubmitproductthatmeetsallcontractandspecificationrequirements.Theapplicationofthequalityplansorproceduresofthisstandarddoesnotrelievethecontractorofresponsibilityformeetingallcontractproductrequirements.Thecontractor’squalitysystem,includingmanufacturingprocessesandqualitycontrolmeasures,willbeestablishedandoperatedtoconsistentlyproduceproductsthatmeetallrequirements.AbsenceofanyinspectionorprocesscontrolrequirementinthecontractdoesnotrelievethecontractorofresponsibilityforassuringthatallproductsorsuppliessubmittedtotheGovernmentforacceptanceconformtoallrequirementsofthecontract.1.4产品要求:承包商(供应者)需要提交符合全部合约与规格要求的产品(顾客要求履行之涵义)。本标准之质量计划或程序的应用范围不能减轻承包商(供应者)满足所有合约产品要求(顾客要求)之责任。承包商(供应者)的质量管理系统,包括制造过程、质量管理措施方法,须予已建立并前后一致性地运作以生产符合全部要求的产品。在合约中缺少任何检验或过程管制的要求,不能减轻承包商(供应者)确保全部送交政府机关(顾客)验收产品或供应品符合全部合约要求之责任。(即使合约有疏漏不完整,不合格品属供应者之责任)1.5Limitation.Thesamplingplansandproceduresofthisstandardarenotintendedforusewithdestructivetestsorwhereproductscreeningisnotfeasibleordesirable.Insuchcases,thesamplingplanstobeusedwillbespecifiedinthecontractorproductspecifications.(教材第4.3.3节)21.5限制:本标准之抽样计划与程序不意图用于破坏性试验或产品之筛选是不可行的或不值得向往的(或没有魅力的)。在此种场合,适用的(欲使用)抽样计划须在合约或产品规格中另作规定。(换言之,破坏性试验的检验与100%全数检查须另作质量计划与程序规划实施之)2.APPLICABLEDOCUMENTS适用文件2.1General.Thedocumentslistedinthissectionarespecifiedinsections3,4,and5ofthisstandard.Thissectiondoesnotincludedocumentscitedinothersectionsofthisstandardorrecommendedforadditionalinformationorasexamples.Whileeveryefforthasbeenmadetoensurethecompletenessofthislist,documentusersarecautionedthattheymustmeetallspecifiedrequirementsdocumentscitedinsections3,4,and5ofthisstandard,whetherornottheyarelisted.2.1概述:本节列出之文件是本标准第3、4、5章中指定使用文件,本节未包括本标准其它章节引用文件或推荐的附加信息或作为范例。当种种努力完成确保本表(实际上指下一节下表)的完整性,不论文件是否列表在第2.节,告诫文件使用者必须符合本标准第3、4、5章中引用所有指定的要求文件。2.2Non-Governmentpublications.Thefollowingdocumentsformapartofthisdocumenttotheextentspecifiedherein.Unlessotherwisespecified,theissuesofthedocumentswhichareDoDadoptedarethoselistedintheissueoftheDoDISScitedinthesolicitation.Unlessotherwisespecified,theissuesofthedocumentsnotlistedintheDoDISSaretheissuesofthedocumentscitedinthesolicitation(see6.2).2.2非政府出版品:下列文件构成本文件一部份,于此处具体指定范围。除非特别指定(以下未翻译,美国国防部发行文件对台湾消费性供应者无帮助)AMERICANNATIONALSYANDARDSINSTITUTE/AMERICANSOCIETYFORQUALITYCONTROL(ANSI/ASQC)美国国家标准学会/美国质量学会ANSIZ1.1/ASQCB1–GuideforQualityControlCharts.ANSIZ1.2/ASQCB2–ControlChartMethodsofAnalyzingData.ANSIZ1.3/ASQCB3–ControlChartMethodofControllingQualityDuringProductionANSI/ASQCQ9000–QualityManagementandQualityAssuranceStandardsGuidelinesforSelectionandUse.ANSI/ASQCQ9004–QualityManagementandQualitySystemElementsGuidelines.INTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONOFSTANDARDS(ISO)国际标准组织