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1.undertakev.[T]①承担，从事，着手②答应[同promise]【练习】完成句子①只有他才能承担这项艰巨的任务。Onlyhe__________________________thistoughtask.②他着手一项新的实验。He___________________________.③他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。He__________________________thejobbyFriday.【答案】①can/couldundertake②undertookanewexperiment③undertooktofinish2.untilprep.&conj.(until用作介词或连词，后接名词、代词或从句等，相当于till)【练习】完成句子①妈妈回来之后那男孩才去睡觉。Theboy___________________tobeduntilhismothercameback.②他工作直到半夜。________________________until/till(itwas)midnight.③公共汽车停稳后再下车。Don'tgetoffthebusuntil/tillit___________________.【解析】①didn‘tgo②Heworked③hasstopped【练习】把下列句子改为倒装句和强调句/单项选择④Wedidn'tleaveuntilshecame.[倒装句]____________________________[强调句]____________________________⑤ItwasnotuntilIcamehere________Irealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.(2012·湖南)A.whoB.thatC.whereD.before⑥Notuntilhelefthishome________toknowhowimportantthefamilywasforhim.A.didhebeginB.hadhebegunC.hebeganD.hehasbegan【解析】④Notuntilshecamedidweleave./Itwasnotuntilshecamethatweleft.⑤B句意：直到我来到这儿才意识到，这个地方不仅以它的美丽而且以它的天气出名。本题考查的是强调结构“Itis＋被强调部分＋that…”，强调时间状语。⑥Anotuntil所引导的状语从句放在句首要用部分倒装。3.upto①(数量、程度上)达到，多达②(时间)直到，到……为止[同till]③从事，忙于(某事)④胜任(工作等)【练习】完成句子/单项选择①每天他们花长达3个小时看电视。Everydaytheyspend________________watchingTV.②你在做什么？What__________you_________________________?③恐怕他是干不了这份工作。I'mafraidhe____________________________thejob.④这个问题应由他来解决。__________________________________thisproblem.⑤要不要做兼职由你自己决定。_____________________youdoaparttimejobornot.⑥—Whenwillwegoforapicnicthisweek?—________.A.Yougetit.B.Uptoyou.C.Youspeak.D.Youdoit.【解析】①uptothreehours②are;upto③isn‘tupto④It’suptohimtosolve⑤It'suptoyouwhether⑥BUptoyou是It'suptoyou.(由你决定。)这一固定用法的省略形式。4.urgev．[T]催促，敦促，力劝【练习】英译汉/完成句子①Heurgeshissister'sstudy._____________________________________________②他力劝我再考虑一下。Heurged_____________________________again.＝Heurged____________________________again.＝Heurgedthat_________________________again.③有人力劝我申请那份工作。It________thatI_____________________forthejob.④这项工作不急，我们可以明天再做。Thiswork_________________;wecandoittomorrow.⑤急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。Itisurgentthatfoodandclothing_________________tothesufferers.【答案】①他敦促妹妹用功。②metothink;mythinking;I(should)think③wasurged;(should)apply④isnoturgent⑤(should)besent5.usedtomodalv.(表示过去经常的或持续的动作，后接动词原形)【练习】按要求答题①TomusedtowatchTV.(改为否定句)Tom___________________________watchTV.②Helenusedtoplaycomputergamesaloteveryday.(改为一般疑问句)_______________playcomputergamesaloteveryday?③Thereusedtobeachurchhere,________________?(写出反意疑问句)④—Doyousmoke?——你抽烟吗？—Notnow,butI____________________________.——现在不抽了，但过去常抽的。【解析】①didn‘tuseto/usednotto②DidHelenuseto③didn‘t/usedn’tthere④usedto【练习】根据句意，用上述结构完成句子/单项选择⑤Inourschool,candles________(give)lightwhenelectricityiscutoff.⑥NowI________(get)upearly.⑦Inthepast,people________(fetch)waterfromrivers.⑧He________cardswithhisfriends,butnowhe________awalkaftersupper.A.usedtoplay;isusedtohavingB.isusedtoplaying;usedtohaveC.usedtoplay;isusedtohaveD.isusedtoplaying;isusedtohave⑨Afterhalfayear'straining,theyweremadeentirelyused________underwater.A.tostayB.tostayingC.stayingD.stay【解析】⑤areusedtogive⑥amusedtogetting⑦usedtofetch⑧A⑨B句意：经过半年训练，他们完全适应呆在水下。beusedto习惯于，to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，本题用used(已习惯的，已适应的)这一形容词作主语they的补足语。6.usev.[T]使用，利用n.①[U]使用，利用【练习】完成句子①我们应该充分利用这次机会。Weshould__________________________thechance.＝Gooduseshouldbe_________________thechance.＝Thechanceshould__________________________.②他的体力已经耗尽了。Allhisstrengthhas____________________________.③新建成的铁路不久前通车了。Thenewlybuiltrailwayline___________notlongago.＝Thenewlybuiltrailwayline_________notlongago.④问她毫无用处，她什么都不知道。It'snouse___________her,shedoesn'tknowanything.⑤这些参考书对我们非常有用。Thesereferencebooksare__________________tous.＝Thesereferencebooksare________________tous.【答案】①makegooduseof;madeof;bemadegooduseof②beenusedup③wasbroughtintouse;cameintouse④asking⑤ofgreatuse;veryuseful