培生学堂八年级下Unit1What’sthematter?1.What’tthematter?怎么了?matter此处为可数名词,意为“毛病;麻烦”,通常用于句型What’sthematterwithsb.?中。该问句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦。—What’sthematterwithhim?他怎么了?—Hehasaheadache.他头痛。拓展:○1matter还可作为不及物动词,意为“要紧,有关系”,主要用于否定句,疑问句或者条件句中。Itdoesn’tmatter.没有关系。DoesitmatterifI’mabitlate?我晚一会到有关系吗?○2).nomatter与who,what,where等连用,相当于whoever,whatever,wherever等,可引导让步状语从句。Don’topenthedoor,nomatterwhocomes.不管谁来都别开口。2.Ihavestomachache.我胃痛。Stomachache为可数名词,意为“胃痛;腹痛”Eg:Marydidn’tcometoschoolyesterdaybecauseshehadastomachache.拓展:在英语中,一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache(疼痛)后,可以构成合成名词。如headache头痛,toothache牙痛,stomachache胃痛,backache背痛,earache耳朵痛。3.Shetalkedtoomuchyesterdayanddidn’tdrinkenoughwater.她昨天说话太多,并且没有喝足够的水。(1)此处toomuch相当于一个副词,修饰动词talked,放在后面作状语,意为“太多”。Eg:Sheworriedtoomuch.Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(2)此处enough为形容词,意为“足够的”。修饰名词时,常放在名词前,且位置后置。Eg:Itisgoodenoughgorme.Isthewaterwarmenoughforyou?Enough还可以构成句型搭配:be+adj.+enough+todo“足够.....做某事”Eg:Thoughhehasgrownup,heisn’tbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnight.4.Drinksomehotteawithhoney.喝些加有蜂蜜的热茶。with为介词,在此处意为“加上;具有;带有”,表示事物的附属部分或所具有的性质,其反义词为without。Eg:Wouldyoulikesometeawithsugar?Chinaisacountrywithalonghistory.Nomancouldlivewithoutwater.拓展:培生学堂八年级下○1with意为“和....在一起”Mr.Blackistalkingwithafriend.○2with意为“用(工具、手段等)”Youcancutitwithaknife.○3with表示方式、情况或者条件。Shelikestosleepwiththelighton.Theteachercameinwithasmileonhisface.例题解析:—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee,please?—Yes,andpleasegetsomesugar.Iprefercoffee______sugar.A.toB.forC.withD.from5.Youneedtotakebreaksawayfromthecomputer.你需要离开电脑休息几天。(1)need在此处为实意动词,意为“需要”,后面可接名词,代词,动名词及带有to的不定式作宾语。Eg:Weneedtothinktwiceaboutit.Sheneedsyourhelp.拓展:Need作情态动词,意为“需要,必需”。无人称和数的变化,否定式为needn’t,后面一般接动词原形。—NeedIfinishtheworktoday?—Yes,youmust./No,yoneedn’t.Ifshewantsanything,sheneedonlyask.(2)break此处用作可数名词,意为“(课间的)休息”。Eg:Hesatunderthebigtreetotakeabreak.Thereisa10-minutebreakbetweenclasses.拓展:○1break作不及物动词,意为“碎;破”。其过去式为broke,过去分词为broken。Eg:Glassesbreakseasily.○2break作及物动词,意为“弄碎,弄破”。Eg:Hebrokehisrightleglastmonth.○3break作及物动词,意为“不遵守(法律,规则等)”。Eg:Theteacheristalkingtothestudentwhobroketherules.6.Ithinkyoushouldliedownandtest.我认为你应该躺下休息。(1)lie(lay,lain,lying)此处为不及物动词,意为“躺;卧”Eg:Don’tlieinbedallmorning.培生学堂八年级下Hefoundadoglyingatthedoor.拓展:○1lie作为不及物动词,意为“撒谎,说谎”,过去式和过去分词均为lied,现在分词为lying。Eg:Youarelyingtome.○2lie作可数名词,意为“谎言,假话”Eg:Iknowhetoldaliejustnow.Ibelievethatitisawhitelie.○3lay动词,意为“产卵,下蛋”,过去式和过去分词均为laid.Eg:Thehensarenotlayingwellatthemoment.(2)rest常作可数名词,意为“休息”Eg:Youmusttakeatesfromyourwork7.Ifyourheadandneckstillhurttomorrow,thengotoadoctor.如果明天你的头和脖子还痛的话,就去看医生。(1)此处连词if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果,假如”。Eg:IfshearrivesinNewYork,I’lltelephoneyou.例题解析:—Iwonderifthepsychologistwillcometoourschoolthisweekend.—Ifhe_____,wewillbeveryexcited.A.comeB.comesC.willcomeD.came(2)gotoadoctor为固定短语,意为“看医生”,相当于gotoseeadoctor.Eg:Billwenttoadoctoryesterday.Don’ttakeanymedicinebeforegoingtoadoctor.8.Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.他下了车,问那个妇女发生了什么事。(1)getoff为“动词+副词”结构的短语,人称代词作宾语时,应放在动词与副词之间,此处意为“下车”。辨析:○1getoff意为“下(汽车、火车、飞机等)”Thefirstpassengertogetoffthebuswasawoman.○2geton意为“登上(汽车、火车、飞机等)”,后面常跟较大的交通工具,反义词为getoffWhenIgotonthebus,Isawmyteachersittingthere.○3getinto意为“进入(小汽车、出租车、电梯等)”,后面常跟较小的交通工具。反义词为getoutofHegotintoataxiandleft.培生学堂八年级下○4getoutof意为“从(小汽车、出租车、直升飞机等)下来”Shegotoutofthecarandwenintothehall.例题解析:Don’t____thebusuntilitstops.A.turnoffB.putonC.getoffD.setup(2)happen为及物动词,意为“发生”○1当表示“某人或者某物发生某事”时,某人或者某物必须放在介词to后面,用句型sth.Happenstosb./sth.来表达WhathashappenedtoJudy?○2当用作“碰巧”时,常用句型sb.Happenstodosth.和Ithappens+that从句Shehappenedtomeetherfriendinthebookstore.IthappenedthatIhadnomoneywithme.9.Mr.Wangknewhehadtoactquickly.王先生知道他必须快点行动。haveto不得不,后面接动词原形辨析:haveto和must○1haveto强调客观上的需要;must强调主观上的必要性。Ihavetotidyuptheroom.(客观需要)Imusttidyuptheroom.(主观想法)○2haveto有人称,数和时态变化,可用于一般现在时,一般过去时或一般将来时等;must无人称,数,时态变化,主要用于一般现在时。Doeshehavetostayhere?Mustshefinishherhomeworkfirst?○3它们的否定形式不同。don’thaveto表示“不必要,不需要”must’t表示“禁止,不允许,不应该”Youdon’thavetohelphim.Youmustn’thelphim10.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.但出乎他的意料,他们都同意和他一起去。(1)toone’ssurprise为固定结构,意为“使某人惊讶的是...”类似结构还有toone’tjoy使人开心的是;toone’sdisappointment令人失望的是;toone’ssatisfaction使某人满意的是Tohissurprise,shewonthefirstprize.(2)agree为及物动词。后面可跟名词,代词,动词不定式或者宾语从句。辨析:○1agreeto后面接计划或者建议。Iagreetoyourplan.培生学堂八年级下○2agreeon后面接日期或者条款。Theyagreedontheseterms.○3agreewith后面接人或者意见。Iagreewithyou.11.Theoldmangottothehospitalintime.那位老人及时到达了医院。getto意为“到达”。此处get为补给物动词,当后面接地点名词时,要加上介词to.辨析:○1get不及物动词,后面可接地点名词作宾语要加介词to.要是接地点副词home,here和there不用to.Igethomeat7:00P.m.everyday.WhattimeshallwegettoBeijing?○2arrive不及物动词,可直接跟地点副词;加上介词at/in后,才能接地点名词。(大地点用in;小地点用at)○3reach及物动词,其后可接跟地点名词,也可跟地点副词。IreachedBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.Wereachedhereonfoot.SectionB1.PutonacleanT-shirt..穿上意见干净的T恤衫。puton为“动词+副词”短语,意为“穿上;戴上”。代词作其宾语时,须放在puton的中间。Heputonacoatandwentout.辨析:○1puton“穿衣”表动作○2wear“穿衣”及物动词,表状态○3dress“给....传衣服”及物动词,宾语只能为人。○4(be)in“穿着”后面接表衣服的名词或表示颜色的形容词,表状态。bein同bedressedin例题解析:1.________warmclothes,oryou’llcatchacold.2.Thechildrenare__________niceclothestoday.3.Thegirl_____redishisdaughter.4.I______himeverymo