何兆熊综合英语第四册Unit1

UnitOneTextI“NeverGiveIn,Never,Never,Never”byWinstonChurchillAnIntegratedEnglishCourseBook4非言语要点：•eyecontact•vocalvariety•gesturesandbodylanguage••Smileandglanceattheaudience;•微笑并看着观众；•Startveryslowly,withyourshouldersbackandyourchinup;•开始发言时要慢一点，身体保持昂首挺胸的姿态；•Wearyourverybestclothes;•穿上自己最好的衣服；Eyecontact•Moveyoureyesslowlyfrompersontoperson,andpausetwoorthreesecondswitheachlistener;•Lookatpeoplestraightorlookatthebridgeoftheirnosesorchins;•Lookforthefriendlierfacesandsmileatthemonebyone,thenmoveontothemoreskepticalmembersandsmileatthemonebyonealso;•Imaginetheaudienceinbathrobesincaseyouarenervous.NOsinpublicspeaking•••rapid;•monotone;•highpitch;•noenoughemotionorpassion;•Talkingdowntotheaudience;•toomanybigwords;noconcreteexamples;•unfamiliartechnicaljargonorslang;•Disorganizedandrambling•Indirectcommunicationi.e.beatingaroundthebush；•UnitOneTextINeverGiveIn，Never，Never，NeverTextINeverGiveIn,Never,NeverBackgroundinformation:Bywhom?where?Why?when?ThistextisaspeechmadebyChurchillwhenhevisitedHarrowSchoolonOct.29,1941.In1940hecametothisschoolforashortvisitandhecameagainayearlatertohearthetraditionalsongsofthisschool.HarrowSchoolAngryChurchillByronPre-readingQuestions•DoyouknowwhenandhowWorldWarIIbrokeout?Whatelsedoyouknowaboutit?•WhatdoyouknowofWinstonChurchill?ThetwosidesduringWorldWarII轴心国同盟国GermanyItalyJapanAmericaBritainRussiaNazi['nɑ:tsi:]---advocateofNazismfascist---fascismdictator•aformofsocialismfeaturingracismandexpansionismandobediencetoastrongleaderAdolphHitlermenaceliquidate•mussolini:[.musə'li:ni(:)]•LeaderofItalianfascistsanddictatorJosephStalinFranklinD.RooseveltChurchillachievedinhislifetimeasastatesman.anartist,awriterandasoldierForyourreferenceWinstonChurchill(1874-1965)GreatestmodernBritishstatesman:HewasadirectdescendantfromthefirstDukeofMarlborough,thesonofLordRandolphChurchill.AfteranearlycareerasanarmyofficerandwarcorrespondenthebecameaConservativememberofParliament,in1901,changingtotheLiberalsin1905.•Hewashomesecretary(内政大臣)(1910-11),adynamicfirstlordoftheadmiralty(海军大臣)(1911-15),andheldvariousgovernmentposts(1917-22).•HewasConservativechancelloroftheexchequer(财政大臣)(1924-29),butinthe1930shisunpopulardemandsforwarpreparednesskepthimfrompower.•InWorldWarIIhewasfirstlordoftheadmiralty(1939-40)andprimeminister(1940-45).Assuchhebecameoneofthegreatwarleaders,leadingGreatBritainthroughWorldWarII;hisoutstandingoratorymaintainedBritain'smorale,andhewasoneofthemainshapersofAllied(同盟国的)strategyworkingcloselywithAmericanPresidentRoosevelt.renownedforhiscourage,imagination,oratoryandintellect•Apostwarreactioncosthispartythe1945election,buthewasagainprimeministerlater(1951-55).•Inhislateryears,hespentmuchtimewritinghistoryoftheEnglish-speakingpeopleandpainting.Churchillpublishedseveralworks,includingTheSecondWorldWar(1948-1953),andwonthe1953NobelPrizeforliterature.acombinationofsoldier,writer,orator,artistandstatesmanWinstonChurchillTextComprehensionWhatisChurchill’spurposeofmakingthespeech?•Toencouragepeopletoholdoninthesternsituation.StructuralAnalysis•PartI(Paragraph1)openingremarks:ChurchillsummarizedthegreateventsthathadhappenedintheworldwithGreatBritaininparticularandthentalkedaboutthepurposeofhisvisittoencouragethewholenationtofightagainsttheNazis.•PartII(Paragraphs2-5)bodyofthespeech:ChurchillanalyzedtheworldsituationandhowothercountrieslookedatBritainandthencalledontheBritishpeoplenottogivein.•PartIII(Paragraphs6-8)closingremarks:Bychangingawordintheadditionalverseoftheschoolsong,Churchillexpressedhisconvictionthatthisnationwasdeterminedtofightforthevictoryofthisgreatwar.Anaturalwit•在英国首相丘吉尔80岁生日茶话会上，一名年轻的记者对丘吉尔说：“首相先生，我真希望明年还能来祝贺您的生日。”丘吉尔拍拍记者的肩膀说：“记者先生，你这么年轻，身体又这么壮，应该是没问题的。”GeneralQs•Style•Tone•Structure•MainideaStyle:Aspeech/argumentationPrevailingtone:Optimisticandencouraging/inspiringThestructuralanalysis?PartI(Para.1):Theopeningremark.PartII(Para.2-5):Thebodyofthespeech.PartIII(Para.6-8):Theclosingremarks.Employingwhattechniques?PartI:detailedstudyQs:1.Howdoesanoratorbeginhisspeech?Toshowavideooraslide.Totellastory(aboutyourself/sbyouraudienceknow);Toacknowledgetheoccasionofthegathering；Topaythelistenersacompliment；Toquote；Touseunusualstatistics；Toasktheaudienceachallengingquestion；Howdoesitachievetheeffectiveness?Byemployingrhetoricaldevices.what?Antonym/rhetoricalQ/parallelismUpsanddownsThesweetsandbittersRosesandthornsRiseandfallEbbandflowViceandvirtueFormallydressedHarrowstudentslockarmstokeeptheirenthusiasticschoolmatesfromoverwhelmingPrimeMinisterSirWinstonChurchillashepaidavisittohisoldschooltojointheannualSingSong,atraditionalsongfest.ParagraphAnalysisOpeningRemarks:Paragraph1•Q:WhatwasChurchill'sintentionofsingingsomeoftheirsongs?A:AttheinitialstageoftheSecondWorldWar,GreatBritainwasfightinginisolationagainstNaziFascists.SomeBritishpeopledoubtedwhethertheirnationcouldwinthewarwiththeirownefforts.ChurchillwantedtoconveytheconvictionofthegovernmenttotheBritishpeoplethroughthesesongsandencouragethemnottogivein.LanguageWorkParagraph11.atyourHeadMaster’skindi