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上海版牛津英语S2BU2学习辅导材料（2015.03）重点词组与句型Readingdefine…as…把…定义为…Wecandefineajokeassomethingyousaythatcauseslaughter?我们可以把笑话定义为你说的一种能引起人们发笑的东西。apracticaljoke恶作剧InEngland,jokesareonlyplayedinthemorningasitisconsideredbadlucktoplayapracticaljokeonsomeoneafternoon.在英格兰，只有上午才能和人开玩笑，过了中午的恶作剧会被人认为是不吉利的。playatrickonsb.戏弄某人Nobodydarestoplaytrickonhim.没人敢和他耍滑头。regard…as…把……看作是……Heregardsyouashisclosefriend.他把你看作他的亲密朋友。Itsohappenedthat…碰巧……Itsohappenedthatnobodywasinthehouseonfire.碰巧着火时屋里没人。exchange…for…用……调换……PleaseexchangedollarsforRMB.清用人民币调换美元。attheendof在……的结尾Ithappenedattheendofthe1990.这事发生在1990年年底。roarwithlaughter大笑；狂笑；哄堂大笑Ikeeproarwithlaughterafterhear,positivesuchassay,thehappinesshavenoplacenotat.我听到后哄堂大笑,确定如说,幸福无处不在。replace…with…用……替换……ReplaceAwithB.用B代替A。asusual同往常一样Asusual,thereweren'tmanypeopleatthemeeting.像往常一样，来开会的人不多。ontopof在……的顶上Thereisavaneontopofthebuilding.在大楼的顶端有一只风信旗。Intheend终于Ifyouperseverewithwork,you'llsucceedintheend.你如果把工作坚持下去,最终会取得成功的。MoreReadingbegoodfor对……有好处Smokingisnotgoodforyourhealthy.吸烟对身体有害。immunesystem免疫系统Aweakenedimmunesystemistheonlyreasonyougetsick.免疫功能低下是你生病的唯一原因。beequivalentto等同于；相当于ThereisnoexactlyequivalentFrenchtensetothepresentperfecttenseinEnglish.法语里没有和英语中的现在完成时完全对应的时态。cheer…up…让……高兴起来Yourmumsaidthatyoulookedverysadandsheletmetocheeryouup.你妈妈说你看起来很悲伤,她叫我让你高兴起来。语法知识用作同位语的名词性从句名词性从句就是在句子中充当名词作用的句子，通常由that引导。同位语从句通常跟在名词TheimpressionthatMr.Pottsregardedhiscolleaguesasinferiorsmadehimunpopular.波茨先生总是认为他的同事们低他一等，这使得他不太受欢迎。Youcannotdenytruththatlaughterisgoodforyou.你无法否认笑对你有好处这个事实。在学习同位语从句时，需要明确一下几点：1.大部分同位语从句都是有that引导。虽然that在同位语从句中不作任何成分，且没有实际含义，但不能省略。后面常接that引起的同位语从句的名词有:announcementbeliefchanceconclusiondecisionfactfeelinghopeideainformationknowledgenewsopinionpossibilityprobabilityproblempromisereportrumourthoughttruthwarningwishWehavenevergivenupthehopethatwewillsucceed.我们从来都没有放弃过成功的希望。OnhearingthenewsthathehaswonthefirstprizeinthenationalEnglishcontest,allhisfriendscongratulatedhim.一听到她在全国英语竞赛中得了一等奖的消息，他所有的朋友都祝贺他。Theannouncementthatallflightshavebeencancelledbecauseofsnowstormgreatlydistressedthepassengers.由于暴风雪，所有的航班都被取消的消息让乘客很沮丧。Heignoredthedoctor’sadvicethatheshouldstayinbed.他不把医生要他卧床休息的忠告当回事。Theyhadtofacethefactthatthenearestgasstationis100kilomertersaway.他们不得不面对最近的加油站在100公里至外地事实。注意：在名词recommendation,suggestion,proposal,demand,order,requirement,desire,command等名词后要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语部分应为“should+动词原形”（should可省略）。Thepeopleexpressedtheirdesirethatthewar(should)cometoanend.人们表达了希望战争马上结束的愿望。Theteacherconveyedthestudents’recommendationthatGeorge(should)heappointedmonitor.老师传达了学生们的推荐意见，选乔治为班长。Theordercamethatwe(should)evacuateatonce.命令传来，要我们立即撤退。Anyonewhoappliesforthepositionmustmeettherequirementthatheorshe(should)haveagoodcommandofEnglish.任何申请这一职位的人都必须符合精通英语这一要求。2.在名词question,idea,doubt,problem等后的同位语从句需用疑问词作连词，如：what,who,when,where,wherever等。需注意的是：同位语从句不可用if引导。除了宾语从句或条件状语从句可用if引导外，主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句都不可用if引导。whetheritistrue.我不知道这是否是真的。whathadhappenedtohim.我不知道他发生了什么。Ihavenoideawhenthemeetingwillbegin.我不知道会议什么时候开始。whereweshouldgo.我不知道我们应该去哪里。whoheis.我不知道他是谁。howhemadeit.我不知道他是如何办成的。Thequestionwhetherheshouldtellherthetruthtroubledhim.是否应该告诉他真相这个问题一直困扰着他。Thequestionwhoshouldhostthemeetinghasnotyetbeendecided.到底谁应该主持这个会议还没定下来。Theproblemwhereweshouldsetupourcampsissolved.我们在哪里扎营的问题已经解决了。3.注意区分同位语从句和定语从句。①同位语从句的连词that在句子中不充当任何成分，没有具体意义，而定语从句中的关系代词that除连接主句与从句外，还在从句中充当主语或宾语。试比较以下一组句子：Thesuggestionthatwasofferedtousisgreat.提供给我们的建议棒极了。（定语从句，其中that是定语从句的关系代词）Whoofferedusthesuggestionthatwe(should)stayuptowatchthesunrise?是谁建议我们熬夜看日出的呢？（同位语从句，其中that是同位语从句的连接词）②引导同位语从句的wh-疑问词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的关系副词则没有疑问意义。此外，when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheyshouldmeettogether.他们提出在哪里集会的问题.(同位语从句）Thisistheplacewhereseveralcaraccidentshappened.这是一个发生了多起交通事故的地方。(定语从句)语法专项练习题用适当的连接词填空：1.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.2.Ihavenoidea_____wecandowiththesewastematerials.3.____thedoctorreallydoubtsis____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.4.Itishoped____naturewillneverbedestroyed.5.___doyouguesswillgiveatalkonEnglishtomorrow?6.--IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.--Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?7.Wordcame____Iwaswantedattheoffice.8.Doyouknow____ofthemwillbeournewheadmaster?9.Theteacherdidn’ttellme____wewerewrong.10.It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.单项选择1．Itwastrue_____Alicedidsurprisedhermother.A.thatB.whatC.that,whatD.what,that2.Does____mattermuch____hecan’tcometothemeeting.A.it,ifB.that,ifC.it,whetherD.this,whether3.--Whatareyouanxiousabout?--____A.HowcanwesucceedB.WhetherwecansucceedC.WhencanwesucceedD.Thatwecansucceed4.Thereason____thelittleactresshasbeensuchasuccessis____sheisbothcleverandhard-working.A.why,whyB.why,thatC.that,becauseD.for,because5.____leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.AnyoneD.Theperson6.Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadthisphototaken.A.whereitwasthatB.itwasthatC.whereitwasD.itwaswhy7.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge.Ican’tremember____.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that8.--WhatdoyouthinkofChina?