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4.医学英语术语的特征1)最基本特征----“一词三式”p27英语医学术语主要来自3个语言成分：央格鲁-撒克逊语（古英语Anglo-Saxon），古希腊语(Greek)与古拉丁语(Latin)。拉丁语和希腊语这两大古代语言为医学英语术语提供了大量可灵活运用并含义确切的词根，这样就出现了相同含义，不同拼写的词根与各种前后缀结合构成大量的含义相同或不同的医学英语术语，这就是医学英语术语的一词三式现象。2)医学英语术语的其他来源一、以医生或者患者名字为术语：Parkinson’sDissease,振颤麻痹，以医生为名；Hippocraticface死后面相，以医生为名；Christmasdisease,凝血因子IX缺乏（克雷司马斯病）；Helacells希拉细胞（子宫颈癌细胞），以患者为名。二、以文学作品或事件中人物为术语：Achilleustendon跟腱；AchillesJerk跟腱反射；Oedipuscomplex恋母情节;Electracomplex恋父情结；Jocastacomplex恋子情结；LearComplex恋女情结；Dianacomplex独身情节；Caincomplex兄弟敌对情节；三、以地名冠名：Keshandisease中国克山微量元素缺乏；Mediterranniananemia地中海贫血;Schistosomamekongi湄公河血吸虫Achilleustendon跟腱•AnAchilles’heelisadeadlyweaknessinspiteofoverallstrength,thatcanactuallyorpotentiallyleadtodownfall.Dianacomplex独身情节•Diana存在于古罗马神话中，是月亮女神和狩猎女神，宙斯的女儿，太阳神阿波罗的孪生妹妹。狄安娜身材修长、匀称，相貌美丽，又是处女的保护神，所以她的名字常成为“贞洁处女”的同义词。据说，她有很多求婚者，但她不愿结婚，宣称自己特别热爱自由，愿意与森林中的仙女们永远生活在一起。因此，在英语中，tobeaDiana可用来表示“终身不嫁”。Oedipuscomplex恋母情结•在精神分析中指以本能冲动力为核心的一种欲望。通俗地讲是指男性的一种心理倾向，就是无论到什么年纪，都总是服从和依恋母亲，在心理上还没有断乳。这种男性被称为mamaboy。complex•Abnormalmentalstateresultingfrompastexperienceorsuppresseddesires情结“一词三式”举例ChineseAnglo-SaxonGreekLatin体bodysomacorpus心heartcardiacor肠bowelenteronintestine肾kidneynephrosrenes血bloodhemasanquis脑brainencephalocerebro腹abdomencelioabdomino鼻noserhinonaso女womangynefemale例：体躯系统英语希腊源拉丁源•Bodysomato-coporo-•Headcephalo-capito-•necktrachelo-cervico-•limbacro-membrum•fingerdactylo-digito-•thigh股mero-femoro-•chestthoraco-pecto-•breastmasto-mammo-•bellyventro-abdomino-•flank肋腹laporo-,celio•backopitho-dorsi-•waistlumbo-loin•二、心血管系统•Heartcardiocor-•Atrium心房artrio-aurico-•Ventricle心室ventrico-•Vessel血管angio-vaso-•Artery动脉arterio-•Vein静脉phlebo-veno-•三、呼吸系统•Breathpneumo-spiro-•Noserhino-nazo-•Windpipe支气管bronco-•Lungpneumono-pulmo-•Airsac肺泡alvelo-•四、消化系统•Digestionpepso-gesto-•Stomachgestro-•Gut肠entero-intesetino•Gallbladdercholecysto-vesica,fella•Liver肝hepato-jeco-•五、口颌系统•Mouthstomato-oro-•Lipcheilo-labio-•Tongueglosso-linquo-•Gumsulo-gingivo-•Toothodonto-dento-•六、泌尿系统•Urine尿uro-•Kidneynephro-reno•Renopelvis肾盂pyelo-pelvi-•Bladder膀胱cystovesico-•七、生殖系统•Womangyneco-female•Eggoo-ovo-•Ovary卵巢oophoroovario-•Fallopiantube输卵管salpino-oviducto-•Womb子宫hystero-,metro-utero-•Menstruation月经meno-menses•Manandro-male•seed精子spermsemino-•testis睾丸orchio-testo-•八、内分泌系统•Secretion分泌-crine•Glandadino-•Pituitary垂体hypophyso-•Sexorgan性腺gonado-•九、神经系统•Nerveneuro-•Brainencephalo-cerebro-•Bark皮质cortico•marrow髓质myelo-medullo-•horse海马hippo-•mindpsycho-,phreno-•fear-phobia•十、皮肤和感觉器官•Skindermocuto-•Eyeophthalmo-oculo•Lens晶体phaco-•Glass玻璃体vitreo•Cornea角膜keratocorneo•Earotoauri•Drum鼓膜tympano•Senseesthesiosenso•Eyesight-opvision•Hearingacou-audio•Smellosmo-olfacto-•Taste-geusgusto•Touchhapto-,thigmo-•十一、肌肉骨骼系统•Flesh肌肉myo-musculo-•Bone骨osteo-os-•Cartilage软骨chondro-•Ligament韧带Ligamento-desmo-•Skull颅骨cranio-•Backbonerachio-,spondylospino-,vertebro-•Jointarthro-articular•十二、细胞遗传学•Cellcyto-corpuscle•Nut核karyoneucleus•Thread线mito-•十三、局部解剖•Tissuehisto-textus•Nipplethelothelium•Layerlamino•Fleshscarco-creato-caro-•Cave窦anthro-sino-•Doorpyle-porto-•Bridgepons•Sheath鞘theco-vagino-•十四、液体、分泌、免疫•Fluidliquid,humoro•Bloodbaemo-sangui-•Whey血清oro-sero-•Milkgalactolacto-•gall胆汁bilegall•spit唾液sialo-saliva•teardacryo-lacrimo-•phlegm粘液myxo-muco-•sweathidro-sudo-•stool粪corpro-fecalo-•spleen脾spleno-lieno•hypersensitivityanaphylaxis,allergery•十五、医用生物学•生命lifebio-vivo-•植物plantphyto-,botano-•叶leavephyllo-folic•树treedendro-arbor•根rootrhizo-radico-•裸nudegymno-•动物animalzoo-•鱼fishichthyo-•牛bulltauro-bovine•狗dogcyno-canine•人类mananthro-human•毒poisontoxico-virus•十六、病理学与症状•粘连adheasionankylo-adhesion•空洞cavitysyringe-caverno-•聋deafnessanacousissurdi-•死亡deaththanato-nacro-•疾病deseasepatho-morbido-•发热feverpyro-febrile•炎症inflammationphlogo-,-it,is•癌cancercarcino-•肿瘤tumoronco-,neoplasm•疼痛painalgia-dolor•浓puspyo-•破裂break-rrhexisrupture•结石stoneltho-calculo-•呕吐vomit-emsisvomitus•出血bleedinghemorrhage•十七、疾病后缀•症–ia(皮肤、结石)症-iasis病–igo中毒症–ism血症-emia发作-lepsy•疾病noso-(过多)症–osis疾病–pathy,patho•十八、诊断•图像-meter,-gram仪器-graph,-scope术–metry,-graphy,scopy•十九、医用物理学•运动movementkineto-motion•速度speedvelocity•时间timechrono-tempo-•长度lengthlongi-•震动shakevibration•热heatthermo-calori-•冷coldcryo-frigo-•空气airaero-•光lightphoto-sono-•力forcedynamio-power•压力pressurebaro-•二十、外科手术•切开cutting-tomyicsision•切除cutaway-ectomyexcision,resection•造口opening-stomy•造型术shape-plasty•缝合术sew-raphysuture•固定术fixation-pexyimmobilization•穿刺术puncture--centesis•破碎术break-triipsy,-rrhexis•二十一、药理学•二十一、药理学•药drugpharmaco-medicine•疗法treatment-therapyremedy•麻醉-narco-,anesthesia•促-tropic,agoguestimulating•抑制inhibit-static•形shapemorpho--iform•立体solidstereo-•轮状wheeltroco-•球状ballsphero-globo-•角angleganio--angle•凹hollowkoillo-concave•鳞状coilspiro-,helicon-•舟状boatscapho-•星状starastero-stellate•二十二、性状•多many,muchpoly-multi-•少few,lessoligo-,-peniadeficient•大largemacro-•小smallmicro-•远distaltele-•近nearjuxsta-•新newneo-novo-•旧oldarchaeo-,paleo-•甜sweetgluco-,glycol-•苦bitterpicro-•慢slowbrady-•快swifttachy-•佳welleu-•同samenesshomo-iso-•异differenceallo-hetero-•硬hardsclero-duro-•软softmalaco-pia-•二十三、颜色•颜色hugech