美国研究生组织行为学教学ppt-2要点

Chapter2:DiversityinOrganizationsWeichunZhuDepartmentofLaborStudiesandEmploymentRelations003KellerBuildingPennsylvaniaStateUniversityUniversityPark,PA168022-0ChapterLearningObjectivesAfterstudyingthischapter,youshouldbeableto:–Describethetwomajorformsofworkforcediversity.–DefinethekeybiographicalcharacteristicsanddescribehowtheyarerelevanttoOB.–DefineintellectualabilityanddemonstrateitsrelevancetoOB.–Contrastthetwotypesofability.–Describehoworganizationsmanagediversityeffectively.–Showhowcultureaffectsourunderstandingofbiographicalcharacteristicsandintellectualabilities.2-1DiversitySurface-leveldiversityDeep-leveldiversityDiversityManagement2-2BiographicalCharacteristicsObjectiveandeasilyobtainedpersonalcharacteristics.Age–Olderworkersbringexperience,judgment,astrongworkethic,andcommitmenttoquality.Gender–Fewdifferencesbetweenmenandwomenthataffectjobperformance.2-3BiographicalCharacteristics(Continued)Race&Ethnicity–Contentiousissue:differencesexist,butcouldbemoreculturebasedthanracebased.Tenure–Peoplewithjobtenure(seniorityatajob)aremoreproductive,absentlessfrequently,havelowerturnover,andaremoresatisfied.2-4OtherBiographicalCharacteristicsReligion–Mayimpacttheworkplaceinareasofdress,groomingandschedulingSexualOrientation–Federallawdoesnotprotectagainstdiscrimination(butstateorlocallawsmay).–Domesticpartnerbenefitsareimportantconsiderations.GenderIdentity–Relativelynewissue–transgenderedemployees.2-5AbilityAnindividual’scapacitytoperformthevarioustasksinajob.IntellectualandPhysicalAbilities2-6AbilityMadeupoftwosetsoffactors:–IntellectualAbilities•Theabilitiesneededtoperformmentalactivities.•GeneralMentalAbility(GMA)isameasureofoverallintelligence.•WonderlicPersonnelTest:aquickmeasureofintelligenceforrecruitmentscreening.•Nocorrelationbetweenintelligenceandjobsatisfaction.–PhysicalAbilities•Thecapacitytodotasksdemandingstamina,dexterity,strength,andsimilarcharacteristics.2-7DimensionsofIntellectualAbilityIntellectualAbilityNumberAptitudeVerbalComprehensionPerceptualSpeedInductiveReasoningDeductiveReasoningSpatialVisualizationMemoryEXHIBIT2–12-8NineBasicPhysicalAbilities2-9StrengthFactors•Dynamicstrength•Trunkstrength•Staticstrength•ExplosivestrengthFlexibilityFactors2-10FlexibilityFactors•Extentflexibility•DynamicflexibilityOtherPhysicalFactors2-11OtherFactors•Bodycoordination•Balance•StaminaImplementingDiversityManagementStrategiesMakingeverybodymoreawareandsensitivetotheneedsofothers.2-12Attracting,Selecting,Developing,andRetainingtheDiverseEmployeesWorkingwithDiversityinGroupsEffectiveDiversityProgramsSummaryandManagerialImplicationsSummary:–Ability•Directlyinfluencesemployee’slevelofperformance.•Managersneedtofocusonabilityinselection,promotion,andtransfer.•Fine-tunejobtofitincumbent’sabilities.–BiographicalCharacteristics•Shouldnotbeusedinmanagementdecisions:possiblesourceofbias.2-13SummaryandManagerialImplications–DiversityManagement•Mustbeanongoingcommitmentatalllevelsoftheorganization.•Policiesmustincludemultipleperspectivesandbelongtermintheirorientationtobeeffective.2-14