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[]诺曼王朝HouseofNorman•威廉一世KingWilliamItheConqueror征服王•威廉二世KingWilliamIIRufus红毛王•亨利一世KingHenryIWell-Educated,Beauclerc儒雅王•斯蒂芬(KingStephen)(布洛瓦王朝)安茹王朝HouseofAnjor•亨利二世KingHenryIICurtmantle短斗篷王•理查一世KingRichardICoeurdeLion狮心王•约翰KingJohnLackland无地王金雀花王朝HouseofPlantagenet•亨利三世KingHenryIII)•爱德华一世KingEdwardILongShank)长脚王•爱德华二世KingEdwardII•爱德华三世KingEdwardIII•理查二世KingRichardII兰开斯特王朝HouseofLancaster•亨利四世KingHenryIV•亨利五世KingHenryV•亨利六世KingHenryVI约克王朝HouseofYork[]•爱德华四世KingEdwardIV•爱德华五世KingEdwardV•理查三世KingRichardIII都铎王朝HouseofTudor•亨利七世KingHenryVII•亨利八世KingHenryVIII•爱德华六世KingEdwardVI•简•格雷LadyJaneGrey•玛丽一世QueenMaryItheBloody血腥玛丽•伊丽莎白一世QueenElizabethI斯图亚特王朝HouseofStewart•詹姆斯一世KingJamesI•查理一世KingCharlesI共和政府•奥利弗•克伦威尔•理查•克伦威尔斯图亚特王朝复辟HouseofStewart•詹姆斯二世KingJamesII•查理二世KingChalesII•威廉三世和玛丽二世KingWilliamIIIandQueenMaryII)•安妮女王QueenAnn[]汉诺威王朝HouseofHannover•乔治一世KingGeorgeI•乔治二世KingGeorgeII•乔治三世KingGeorgeIII•乔治四世KingGeorgeIV•威廉四世KingWilliamIV•维多利亚女王QueenVictoria萨克森—科堡-哥达王朝HouseofSachsen-Coburg-Gotha•爱德华七世KingEdwardVII•乔治五世KingGeorgeV温莎王朝TheHouseofWindsor•乔治五世KingGeorgeV•爱德华八世KingEdwardVIII•乔治六世KingGeorgeVI•伊丽莎白二世QueenElizabethIIAmerigoVespucci----AmerigoVespucci,anavigator,provedthatthelandwasnotIndia,butanewcontinent.Therefore,thelandwasnamedAmericaafter.ThePuritans----ThePuritanswerewealthy,well-educatedgentlemen.TheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandandthreatenedwithreligiouspersecution,thePuritansleaderssawtheNewworldasthearefugeprovidedbyGodforthoseHemeanttosave.[]TheBillofRights----In1789,JamesMadisonintroducedintheHouseofRepresentativesaseriesofamendmentswhichlaterweredraftedintotwelveproposedamendmentsandsenttothestatesforratification.Tenofthemwereratifiedin1791andthefirsttenamendmentstotheconstitutionwerecalledtheBillsofRightsbecausetheyweretoinsureindividualliberties.TheEmancipationProclamation----AftertheCivilwarbegan,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamationtowinmoresupportathomeandabroad.ItgrantedfreedomtoallslavesinareasstillcontrolledbytheConfederacy.PilgrimsThanksgivingDay----ThePilgrimsin1620,201ofthemsailedtotheNewWorldinashipcalledMayflower.Thefirstwinteraftertheirarrivalwasverycoldandwhenspringcame,halfofthemweredead.ThentheIndianscametotheirhelpandtaughtthemhowtogrowcorn.Theyhadagoodharvestthatyear.SotheyinvitedtheIndiansandheldthefirstThanksgivingcelebrationinAmericatogivethankstoGod.TheChunnel----In1985theBritishgovernmentandFrenchgovernmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnel,whichiscalled“Chunnel”,undertheStraitsofDoversothatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.TheChunnelwasopentotrafficinMay1994.Eisteddfod----EisteddfodistheWelshwordfor“sitting”NationalEidteddfodisthemostfamousfestivalofmusicandverseinWales.IttakesplaceeachAugustandlastsforaboutaweek.ThehighlightofthefestivaliscompetitionforthebestepicpoemaboutWaleswrittenandreadinWelsh.ThewinneriscrownedBoard,consideredthesupremehonourinWales.InthiswaytheWelshpeoplekeeptheWelshlanguageandculturealive.Cockney----AcockneyisaLondonerwhoisbornwithinthesoundofBowBells-theBellsofthechurchofSt.Mary-LeBowineastLondon.Stonehenge----ItisagroupofhugemonumentsofgrantrockSlabsonsalisburyplaininSouthwestEnglandbuiltaslongagoastheNewStoneAge.Itisgenerallybelievedthatstonehengeservedsomesortofreligiouspurposes.TheCelts----TheCeltscametoBritaininthreemainwaves.ThefirstwaveweretheGales,thesecondwaveweretheBrythonsandtheBelgaecameabout150BC.TheCeltswerepractisedfarmers.TheCeltictribesareancestorsoftheHighlandScots,theIrishandtheWelsh,AndtheirlanguagesarethebasisofbothWelshandGaelic.Theyreligion[]wasDruidism.NormanConquest----TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheconquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.AlfredtheGreat----HewaskingofWessex,oneofthesevenAnglo-SaxonKingdoms.ItwashewholedtheAnglo-SaxontoflightagainsttheinvadingDanesandmaintainedpeaceforalongtime.Alfredwasnotonlyabravekingatwartime,butalsoawisekingatpeacetime.Heencouragededucationandintroducedalegalsystem.Heisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.St.Augustine----In597,PopeGregoryIsentSt.Augustine,thePriorofSt.Andrew’sMonasteryinRome,toEnglandtoconverttheheathenEnglishtoChristianity.Thatyear,St.AugustinebecamethefirstArchbishopofCanterbury.Augustinewasremarkablysuccessfulinconvertingthekingandthenobility,buttheconversionofthecommonpeoplewaslargelyduetothemissionaryactivitiesofthemonksinthenorth.DomesdayBook----ItisabookcompiledbyagroupofclerksunderthesponsorshipofKingWilliamtheFirstin1086.Thebookwasinfactapropertyrecord.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEngland.Itrecordedtheextent,value,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.ItwasoneoftheimportantmeasuresadoptedbyWilliamItoestablishthefullfeudalsysteminEngland.Today,itiskeptinthePublicRecordsOfficeinLondon.GeoffreyChaucer----HewasanimportantEnglishpoetinthefourteenthcentury.HisbestknownisTheCanterburyTales,whichdescribesagroupofp