Quit中国文化英语教程BabelTower巴比塔巴比是《圣经》中一城市名。诺亚的后代计划在此建造一座“通天塔”以扬名。上帝对此狂妄之举大为震怒,便将原来统一的语言打乱,使他们因语言不同无法交流而放弃建塔,人类也因此分散到世界各地。东风与西风我们经常说“东风压倒西风”或“东风劲吹,捷报频传”,这里的“东风”很显然是春天和革命的象征;而“西风”却让中国人总是想起萧瑟的寒秋,如毛泽东曾诗曰:“西风烈,长空雁叫霜晨月……”,马致远的“古道西风瘦马,枯藤老数昏鸦。夕阳西下,断肠人在天涯”更是让人唏嘘不已。但对英国人来说,“西风”是春天的号角,雪莱的《西风颂》(OdetotheWestWind)即是明证。蟋蟀与cricket莎士比亚的《亨利四世》中有这么一个比喻:asmerryasacricket(像蟋蟀一样欢乐),我们却很难将“蟋蟀”和“欢乐”联系在一起的,“蟋蟀”或“蛩”往往是凄凉的代名词,有古诗为证:“独申旦而不寐兮,哀蟋蟀之东征”“蛩唱如波咽,更深似水寒”“恼碎芳心近砌下,啾啾唧唧寒蛩闹”文化局限词(culture-boundwords)bachelor单身汉指从未结过婚的男子。准确地说,指已届结婚年龄而尚未结婚的单身汉。因此该词与widower(鳏夫)和divorcedman(离婚男子)不同。(single)bluestocking蓝色长袜该词系18世纪的伦敦人创造的。指长得不漂亮,但极为喜爱书本和学习,同时也喜爱炫耀自己学识的女人。法国哲学家让·雅克·卢梭(JeanJacquesRousseau)将其释义为“awomanwhowillremainunmarriedaslongastherearesensiblemenonthisearth”(只要世上的男人还有头脑就绝对有嫁不出去的女人)。bride新娘在英美,人们会对新郎说“Congratulations!”(恭喜),但对新娘则说“Iwishyouveryhappy!”(祝你幸福),而绝不说Congratulations,因为Congratulations是对拼命努力而达到目的者的贺词;而英美人士认为努力赢得对方的是男人,所以如果对新娘说“Congratulations!”就意味着她努力追求过新郎。这对她是一种严重的侮辱。doggiebag打包袋,狗食袋,剩菜袋指餐馆向顾客提供的盛放吃剩食物的纸袋或无毒塑料袋。由于美国的餐厅供应的菜肴份量极多,许多客人通常无法吃完。因此美国人从小被教育养成不浪费食物的习惯,他们对于包回吃剩的食物丝毫不以为耻,而索取doggiebag也不失礼节。很多人是以给狗吃做为藉口而带回自己吃,但是人们认为这种借口是对狗的不公,因此近来逐渐改称为peoplebag。dragon龙在西方神话传说中,dragon是一只巨大的蜥蜴,长着翅膀,身上有鳞,拖着一条长长的蛇尾,能够从嘴中喷火。在中世纪,dragon是罪恶的象征,这来源于圣经中的故事。与上帝作对的恶魔撒旦(Satan)被称为thegreatdragon。因此,在基督教美术中dragon总是代表邪恶。在英语中,dragon所引起的联想与“龙”在中文中所引起的联想完全不同。“龙”在我国历史上是一个图腾形象。在我国古代传说中,龙是能兴云降雨的神异动物,在封建时代,龙作为皇帝的象征。Whatdotheymeanintheirownculture?Arethereanydifferences?dragonlady幕后女人、母夜叉指以统治者妻子的身份行使极大权力的女人。欧洲历史上三个主要革命都涉及在幕后具有权力的女人,英国革命中的亨丽埃塔·玛丽亚,德国革命中的玛丽·安托瓦内特以及俄国革命中的艾丽克丝。z-z-z-z打呼噜美国的漫画常用此一连串的z-z-z-z表示打呼噜。因此,特别是在年轻人中间,就用grabsomez’s表示“睡觉”。Friday-the13th凶日星期五加13号历来被认为是非常不吉利的日子。据说,亚当和夏娃偷吃禁果和死的日子都是星期五;英国过去处死犯人也选定星期五;在北欧神话中,13个人坐在一起聚餐是不吉利的;在圣经里最后的晚餐上,耶稣加12门徒也是13,结果耶稣被犹大出卖,第二天,耶稣被钉死在十字架上,这一天就是星期五。星期五和13号二者在传统上被认为不吉利,若二者相加,便成了凶日,诸事不宜。词汇并行stupidasagoose蠢得象猪astimidasarabbit胆小如鼠fishingintheair水底捞月justlikemushrooms犹如雨后春笋sixofone,halfadozenoftheother半斤对八两Speakofthedevilandhe'ssuretoappear说曹操,曹操到goosepimples鸡皮疙瘩alionintheway拦路虎talkhorse吹牛Thereisnosmokewithoutfire无风不起浪killthegoosethatlaidthegoldeneggs杀鸡取卵likeadrownedmouse像落汤鸡一样狼狈“挂羊头卖狗肉”——民俗心理Everydoghashisday.—everyonewillenjoygoodluckorsuccesssometimeinhislife〈谚〉凡人皆有得意日。happyasadogwithtwotails—veryhappy非常高兴,非常开心Thechildrenwerehappyasadogwithtwotailsplayingonthebeachallday.孩子们非常开心地在海滩玩了整整一天。[狗高兴的时候尾巴摇得很快,看起来就像两个尾巴一样,故产生此语。]“一方水土养一方人”——风土民情汉语的“腊八粥”承载着厚重的风土民情。农历十二月初八,民俗谓之腊八,是春节前的第一个节令。我国喝腊八粥的历史,已有一千多年。仅仅把“腊八粥”译为“porridge”是无法传递其文化内涵的。“一人得道,鸡犬升天”——思想观念“一人得道,鸡犬升天”:“whenamanattainstheTao(enlightenmentandimmortality),evenhispetsascendtoheaven—whenamangetstothetop,allhisfriendsandrelationsgettherewithhim;whenonemanispromoted,allthoseconnectedwithhimbenefit;nepotismisrampant”你不能不了解的英语文化背景Acoffeemorningreferstoaninformationalgatheringwithcoffee,wherepeoplewithacommoninterestmeetforanhourorsoandgettoknoweachotherbetter.BackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesBackHomeAgapyearisayearusuallybetweenfinishingschoolandstartinguniversityorcollegewhenyoutravelorwork.BackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesBackHomeAfresher'sfairisaneventwhenalltheuniversityclubsandsocietiestrytoattractnewmembers.BackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesIsthereasimilareventinChineseuniversity?BackHomeBackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesfishandchipsapieceoffishthatiscoveredinbatter(i.e.amixtureofflour,eggandwater)andfriedinoilandservedwithchips.ItisaverypopularfoodinBritainandoftenboughtfromarestauranttotakehometoeat.BackHomeBackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesfishandchips(cont.)ThisfoodisespeciallypopularonFridaysbecausepeopledonotliketocookattheendofaworkingweekandthereisaChristiantraditionofnoteatingmeatonWednesdaysandFridays(somanypeoplechoosefish).BackHomeBackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesChocoholicsarepeoplewholovechocolateandeatalotofit.Similarwordsareworkaholic(someonewhoworkscompulsivelyallthetime)andshopaholic(apersonwhoisaddictedtoshopping).HomeBackBackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesIfsomeonehasasweettooth,theyliketoeatsweetfood,suchascakes,puddingsandicecream.HomeBackBackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesCatsup(AmE)orketchup(AmEandBrE)isachickredsaucemadefromtomatoes.ItisoftenusedwithFrenchfries,hamburgers,sandwichesandgrilledorfriedmeat.HomeBackBackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesGreenfatigueSinceatleastthe1970speoplehavebeenawareofenvironmentalissues,butinrecentyearswidespreadconcernhasfocusedmoreonclimatechangeandglobalwarming.Greenfatiguereferstothefactthatpeoplebecometiredof“green”(environmental)issues.BackHomeBackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesAdamAdamis,accordingtotheBookofGenesis,thefirstmancreatedbyGod.HiswifewasEve.TheaccountinGenesis2recordsthatGodfirstformedAdamoutof“thedustoftheground”andthen“breathedintohisnostrilsthebreathoflife”,causinghimto“becomealivingsoul”.HomeBackBackgroundInformation&CulturalNotesEveEvewas,accordingtotheBookofGenesis,thefirstwomancreatedbyGod,andanimportantfigureinJudaism,Christianity,andIslam.HerhusbandwasAdam,fromwhoseribGodcreatedhertobehiscompanion.Shesuccumbstotheserpent’stemptationviathesuggestionthattoeattheforbiddenfruitfromtheT