高中英语状语从句用法详细解析

高中英语状语从句用法详细解析一、定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。二、分类根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句三、时间状语从句（一）引导时间状语从句的连词有：as,when(whenever),before,after,assoonas,until(till),since,everytime,once.（二）、“as”as,when,while都有“当……的时候”，可以互用Whenshewasachild.Whileshewasachild.SheLivedinParis.Asshewasachild.as有“一边…一边”的意思Hesangashewalked.“when”Whentheclockstrucktwelve,allthelightswentout.Iwassleepingwhenshecamein.动补Whenwearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft.“while”主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用while引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一个过程。Whilewewerehavingsupper,allthelightswentout.Pleasekeepquietwhileothersarestudying.WhileIwaswritingletterslastnight,hewaswatchingTV.when,while并列连问。when和while都可用作并列连问，连接并列分句。When表示“就在……的时候”,while意反而，可是，表示转折。OneeveningBeethovenwaswalkinginastreet,whenhesuddenlystoppedoutsidealittlehouse.并列连词引导并列句，意思是就在那时。（三）、主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主句是过去将来时，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来时，主句是一般过去时，从句用一般过去时。1.I'llcallyouwhenIgetthere.2.Theysaidtheywouldleavewhentheygotthenew.3.Theyleftassoonastheygotthenew.Whenever无论什么时候，随时1.Wheneversomeonethrowsinsomerubbish,thetruckproducesapieceofmusic.每当有人扔进一些垃圾时，它（汽车）就放一段音乐。2.Wheneverwe'reintrouble,theywillhelpus.3.Igotothetheatre,wheneverIamfree.4.Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.你随时来看我。till和until(表示“直到……”)句首多用until1、在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”，主句谓语动词要用延续性动词。Iwaswaitinguntil/tillhearrived.2、在否定句中表示“直到……才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词，这时until和till常被before替换。Ididn'tleavetill/untilshecameback.since:主句用完成时，从句用一般过去时，since引导的从句间或可用现在完成时。ItistwoyearssinceIhavestudiedEnglish.1.Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.2.Wehavebeenfriends(eversince)sincewemetatschool.3.Itis……(一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子。Itistwoyearssincemysistermarried.……(一段时间)have/haspassedsince+一般过去时态句子Twosistershave/haspassedsincemysistermarried.Since+时间点1.Ihavebeenathomesincethreeo'clockthisafternoon.2.MariahasbeeninChinasincetwoyearsago.*everytime,eachtime,nexttimeEverytimeyougetbackatnight,youdropyourbootsonthefloor.EverytimeIcatchcold,Ihavepaininmyback.(everytime分写不可以合写)比较everyday(adj)日常的，普通的everyday是名词短语，每天，天天NexttimeIgothere,Iwillvisitthem.*once一旦…就Onceyoubegin,youmustgoon.你一开了头，就应该继续下去。四、地点状语从句地点状语从句用where,wherever引导Weshouldgowherethepeopleneedus.我们应该去人民需要我们的地方。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Wherevertheywent,theyreceivedawormwelcome.无论他们走到哪儿都受到热烈欢迎。Shefollowhimwhosehegoes.他无论到哪里她总跟着。五、原因状语从句原因状语从句用because(因为)，since(既然),as(由于)引导1、字母由多到少，语气由强到弱。2、由why提问必须用because回答。Since,as不回答why的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because一般放在主句之后。3、beforeof+名词Becauseoftherain,wedidn'tgotothepark.4、because和so不可连用，只能选其一。（另有although,but）Whydidn'thecometoschool?Becausehewasill.SinceImustdie,Imust.既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnaChance.5、for并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。For所提供的理由为一个补充说明，而且前面常有逗号隔开。Thedaysweshort,foritisDecembernow.*改错Becauseheisillisthereasonwhyhecan'tcome.(Because改为that)六、目的状语从句目的状语从句用so(常用于口语),that,sothat,inorderthat引导目的状语从句的谓语常含有may,might,can,could,should,would等情态动词。1.We'llsitnevertothefrontsowecanhearbetter.2.Hestudiedhardsothathemightsucceed.他努力学习，以便成功。3.I'llspeakslowlysothatyoucantakenotes.我慢慢讲，以便你们能做笔记。4.Theyhurriedtothestationinorderthattheycouldcatchthetrain.他们急忙赶往火车站，以便能赶上火车。5.ItookataxisothatIcouldgetthereearlier.6.I'mgoingtothelectureearlysothatImaygetagoodseat.我打算早些去听讲座，以便找个好座位。七、条件状语从句条件状语从句由if,unless,(so)aslongas(只需)引导在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同）Wewillmissthetrainifyoudon'thurry.Hesaidwewouldmissthetrainifwedidn'thurry.Youwillfailtheexamunlessyoustudyhard.(ifyoudon'tstudyhard)Hewon'tcomeunlessheisinvited.(ifheisn'tinvited)Eatlessfoodunlessyouwanttobecomefatter.(ifyoudon'twanttobecomebetter)Aslongasyouarenotafraidofdifficulties,youaresuretosucceed.Aslongasyoudon'tloseheart,youwillsucceed.八、结果状语从句结果状语从句由such…that,so….that,sothat,that引导1.such…that的常用句型such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+thatsuch+形容词+可数名词单数+thatSuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that注意somany(much,few,little)+名词，suchalotof(或lotsof)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthatwealllikeher.Theyweresuchbeautifulflowerthatweboughthome.Itwassuchdeliciousfoodthattheyateitup.2.so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHeissorichthathecanbuylotofthingsforhimself.Heworkssohardthathedideverythingwell.Itwassohotadaythatweallwentswimming.Itwassuchagooddaythatweallwentswimming.3.sothat,that都可以引导结果状语从句Hedidn'tstudyhard,(so)thathefailedtheexam.4.too…to,enough…to可以引导结果状语从句与so…that替换，so…that结构可以用too…to替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could)not.Sheisyoungthatshecan'tgotoschool.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Sheisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.九、让步状语从句although,thougheventhough=evenif,whether…orhowever=nomatterhowwhatever=nomatterwhatwhoever=nomatterwhowhenever=nomatterwhenwherever=nomatterwhere*although和though都表示“虽然”只是although更正式，多用于句首，而though用于句中，二者都可与yet,still连用，但不与but连用Although/Thoughtheyarepoor,theyoftenhelpothers.Theyarepoor,buttheyoftenhelpothers.Althoughhehasfailedmanytimes,hedoesn'tgiveuptrying.Whatever/Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.Nomatterwhatyousay,Idon'tcare.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeytherulesofourschool.Howeverhardhetried,hefail