APICS资源主计划MPR

MasterPlanningofResourcesSession1TheBusinessPlanningProcessVisual1-2MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001CourseObjectivesToexplaintheprinciplesandprocessesofmasterplanningofresourcesTodescribethetechniquesandmethodsofdemandmanagement,salesandoperationsplanning,andmasterschedulingToexaminethedevelopmentofoperationsplansindifferentbusinessenvironmentsToexplaintheprocessfordeveloping,validating,andevaluatingperformanceatalllevelsofmasterplanningofresourcesVisual1-3MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001MasterPlanningofResourcesSession1:TheBusinessPlanningProcessSession2:ForecastingDemandSession3:DemandManagementandCustomerServiceSession4:DistributionPlanningSession5:TheSalesandOperationsPlanningProcessSession6:TheMasterSchedulingProcessSession7:ManagingtheMasterSchedulingProcessSession8:MeasuringPerformanceandValidatingthePlanVisual1-4MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001Session1ObjectivesIdentifyanddescribetheelementsofmasterplanningofresourcesIdentifyanddescribethelevelsoftheplanninghierarchyDescribeanddistinguishtherolesintheplanningprocessthatproductvolumeandproductmixplayDescribetheelementsofbusinessplanningIdentifyanddescribetheinputstoabusinessplanIdentifyanddescribeseveralmanufacturingenvironmentsVisual1-5MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001MasterPlanningofResources•DemandManagement–Forecasting–Distributionplanning–Orderservicing•SalesandOperationsPlanning–IntegratestheplansofthebusinessSalesMarketing–Utilizesresourceplanning•MasterScheduling–IncludesthedevelopmentofMasterproductionschedule(MPS)FinalAssemblySchedule(FAS)–Utilizesrough-cutcapacityplanning(RCCP)AgroupingofbusinessprocessesthatincludesDevelopmentManufacturingSourcingFinancialVisual1-6MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001MasterPlanningofResourcesModelDemandSupplySALESANDOPERATIONSPLANNINGMASTERSCHEDULINGPRODUCTIONPLANMASTERPRODUCTIONSCHEDULEDetailedSchedulingandPlanningExecutionandControlofOperationsPriorityInformationFeedbackFORECASTING&DEMANDMANAGEMENTCAPACITYMANAGEMENTStrategicPlanningBusinessPlanningVisual1-7MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001DemandManagementForecastingDistributionplanningOrderservicingVisual1-8MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001SalesandOperationsPlanningBusinessPlanSalesandOperationsPlanningProductionPlanResourcePlanningVisual1-9MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001MasterSchedulingProductionPlanMasterSchedulingMasterProductionScheduleRough-CutCapacityPlanningVisual1-10MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001TheBalancingActDemandSupplyDemandForecastsActualOrdersProductionOrdersPurchaseOrdersVisual1-11MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001ProductVolumeandProductMixVolume•Establishesthebigpicture•Howmuch?•Rates(selling/production)•Productfamilies•PlannedinsalesandoperationsplanningMix•Thedetails•Whichones?•Customerorders•Individualproducts•PlannedinmasterschedulingVisual1-12MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001ThePlanningHierarchyStrategicPlanningPlanningDetailLessNearTermMoreLongTermBusinessPlanningSalesandOperationsPlanningMasterSchedulingVisual1-13MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001Long-RangeStrategicPlanningSalesandOperationsPlanningBudgetingPlanningHorizons1234512121Source:AdaptedfromLing,RichardC.,andWalterE.Goddard.OrchestratingSuccess—ImproveControloftheBusinesswithSalesandOperationsPlanning.JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.(1988)1Legend:=TimeperiodinyearsBUSSINESSPLANNINGVisual1-14MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001Source:APICSDictionary,Ninthed.1998BusinessPlanAstatementofLong-rangestrategyRevenue,cost,andprofitobjectivesusuallyaccompaniedby–Budgets–Projectedbalancesheet–CashflowprojectionsVisual1-15MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001BusinessPlan(cont.)Commonfeaturesofthebusinessplaninclude:–Thenatureofthefirm–Locationsandfacilities–Organizationandpeople–Levelsofprocessingtechnology–Thetypeandnatureofcapitalresourcesrequired–PrimarystakeholdersinterestsVisual1-16MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001BusinessPlan(cont.)–TheMarket•Location•Growthrates•Changingneedsofcustomers•Regionaleconomicconsiderationsandbusinessconditionsastheyaffectcustomerneeds–TheBusinessEnvironment•Majorcompetitors•Projectionsofbusinessgrowth•Availabilityoffinancialresources•EmergingtechnologiesVisual1-17MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001KeyBusinessGoalsGrowthProfitabilityReturnonInvestmentMarketShareCustomerServiceReputationCompanyValueVisual1-18MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001BusinessStakeholdersTheCommunityTheManagementTeamTheOwnersandShareholdersTheMembersofAssociationsTheEmployeesTheCustomersTheSuppliersOthersVisual1-19MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001BenchmarkingStrategiesCapabilitiesProcessesCostsLogisticsSystemsOthersVisual1-20MasterPlanningofResources,ver.2.0–December2001BusinessPlanStrategicDataSourcesEnvironmentalscanningMarketplaceneedsCompanycapabilitiesFinancialtargetsStrategicgoalsDemographics,governmentandbusiness