搜索
ThePassiveVoiceWelcometoourclass!LessonStyle:Revision梅花是我认为最美的一种花。这样说也许有些绝对了，但我更愿以这样的语气来表达我对梅的情意。其实我在见到真正的梅之前已经在影视作品里见到过了，但那时并没有觉得它比别的什么花更美一些。我那时是一个很无趣的人，就像我生活的那个城市，被古老而又厚重的城墙包围得四四方方，马路笔直地几乎不须动脑筋去辨认哪里是东南西北，中规中矩。而且，城墙内外，也从未见到过梅林。我曾把腊梅当作梅花。腊梅比之梅花除了形色相异以外，无论是花期、香味还是情调、梅格，也没有什么不好。况且，若非有心真爱梅花之人，有几个能分得清灌木与乔木、腊梅科与蔷薇科、清香与暗香的不同。所以在我第一次见到梅时，我并没有能像预设的那样，洗濯一番之后，再像优雅诗人一样踏雪飞笛。我记的很清晰，那一天是正月十五，我是奔着小园里的腊梅而去的，在旧历新春的第一个月圆之夜前的下午。我后来常想，在我寻到梅花以前，我常以为寻梅一定是要踏着洁白的酥雪，立在冰雪覆压的梅下，吟诵着有关梅的名句，会是多么的浪漫。但事实上，在08年的整个冬天里，我并没有见到一次雪花。一直没有预设过在没有飞雪的日子，寻梅会是多么地没有诗意。那些花，绽放在萧瑟的风里，1.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.2.Camerasareusedfortakingphotos.3.Iamtaughtbyhimthisyear.4.Athiefwascaughtyesterday.5.Afewman-madesatellitesweresentupintospacelastyear.一、Let’sreadandobserve(观察)carefully,thendrawsomeconclusions(结论).一般现在时一般过去时6.Thegroundwillbecoveredwithtreesinafewyears’time.7.Theywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.8.Atalkisgoingtobegivensoon.9.Theseyoungmenaregoingtobetrainedinthearmy.10.Mywatchisbeingrepairednow.11.Somecomputersarebeingcheckedthere.12.Iambeingwatchedbyeveryone.一般将来时现在进行时13.Treesmustbeplantedaroundourschool.14.Teenagersshouldbetaughttoobeylaws.15.Mustourhomeworkbehandedinnow?16.Thefoodhasbeeneatenupalready.17.Thosecellphoneshavebeenstolen.18.Havetheapplesbeenpaidforyet?含情态动词现在完成时19.Hisbikewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.20.SomeTVsetswerebeingrepairedat9amyesterday.21.HadUnit6beenlearnedbeforelastweek?22.Thesebikeshadbeenrepairedbytheendoflastmonth.23.HesaidhewouldbesenttoAmerica.24.Wethoughthewouldn’tbehangedthenextmonth.过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时二、要使用被动语态的几种场合：1.不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作执行者时;HondacarsaremadeinJapan.2.需要强调或突出调动作的承受者时;Englishisusedmostwidelyintheworld.3.动作的发出者不是人时;Hishousewaswashedawayintheflood.4.文章的标题、广告、新闻等用语.WaitersWanted(招聘服务员,省去了are.)三、被动语态的基本构成：be+vt.p.p.时态被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时含情态动词am/is/aredonewas/weredoneshall/will/begoingtobedone情态动词+bedone时态被动语态结构现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去将来时am/is/arebeingdonewould/was/weregoingtobedonehadbeendonehave/hasbeendonewas/werebeingdoneTurnthefollowingsentencesintothePassiveVoice:1.Weplantedmanytreeslastmonth.→Manytreeswereplantedbyuslastmonth.四、主动语态改被动语态的步骤及事项:(1).步骤:首先,要弄清楚主动语态中的主语、谓语和宾语及其时态;其次,把主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语;然后,把主动语态的谓语动词改成相应时态的被动结构;最后,当需要指出动作的执行者时,由by引出组成介词短语,其它句子成分不变.(2).注意事项:①时态与原句保持一致;②人称代词主格、宾格的变化;③大小写的变化;④变化后被动句中主谓在人称和数上的一致.细节决定成败,细节成就高度!1.Heboughtmeanewbikeyesterday.→Iwasboughtanewbikeyesterday.Anewbikewasboughtformeyesterday.★2.Hegavemeadictionary.→Iwasgivenadictionary(byhim).Adictionarywasgiventome(byhim).★(3).带双宾的谓语动词有两种改法。通常把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留在原位;当把直接宾语改成被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前必须加介词to或for.Motherboughtmeawatchyesterday→Iwasboughtawatchyesterday.Awatchwasboughtformeyesterday.间接宾语前加to的动词有give,show,send,pass,bring,lend,tell等;间接宾语前加for动词有buy,sing,make,draw,cook,mend,do,get,find等.1.Thebossmadehimdotheheavyworkintheolddays.→2.Wemusthandinourcompositionsafterclass.→Hewasmadetodotheheavyworkintheolddays.Ourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.★★(4)使役动词have,let,make和感官动词see,hear,watch,notice在主动语态中后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,改成被动语态时,to必须还原。WeheardhimsingPekingOperalastSunday.→HewasheardtosingPekingOperalastSunday但注意:Weheardhimplayingthepianojustnow.→Hewasheardplayingthepianojustnow.★(5)及物动词后有复合宾语(宾语和宾语补足语)时,只需将宾语提前变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原位.WecallhimTomson.→HeiscalledTomson(byus).Wemustkeepourclassroomcleaneveryday.→Ourclassroommustbekeptcleaneveryday.(6)一些相当于及物动词的短语动词变为被动语态时,应将该短语动词视为一个整体,不能漏掉其中的介词或副词.1.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.→Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.2.Wecantakegoodcareofyourchild.→Yourchildcanbetakengoodcareof.五.、应用被动语态时要注意的几点:1.牢记不及物动词没有被动语态形式.常用的不及物动词或短语动词有:happen,breakout,takeplace,belongto,breakdown,appear,disappear等.Atrafficaccidenthappenedtohimlastnight.Mycarbrokedownhalfway.2.主动结构表被动意义的几种情况:⑴表感官功能或变化的系动词没有被动语态形式.这类词主要有:smell,taste,sound,look,feel,get,turn,become等.Thesilkfeelssoftandsmooth.(2)有些及物动词用作不及物动词,表示主语(表物)的某种性质时，不用被动语态。这类词主要有:open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,ride,draw,fit等,且这些词后多有副词well.Thepen_____(write)verywell.Thiskindofsweater____(sell)well.writessells(3)在beworthdoing中的doing表被动意义.Thisbookiswellworthreading(4)(sth.)need/requiredoing.相当于(sth.)need/requiretobedone.tobedone表示不定式的被动结构.Mybikeneedsrepairing.＝Mybikeneedstoberepaired.◆常用被动语态的词组：1.被用来做某事被某人使用被用作……2.由……制造在某地/某时制造3.被制成……4.由……组成/构成5.装满……6.由/被……覆盖7.穿坏,用旧8.被迫做某事beusedfordoingsth/todosth.beusedby+人beusedas…bemadeof/from+原料bemadein+地点/时间(年\月)bemadeinto+成品bemadeupof……befilledwithbecoveredwith/bybewornoutbemade/forcedtodo◆常用被动语态的几个句型:1.Itissaidthat…据说……2.Itisbelievedthat…据说/普遍认为……3.Itiswell-knownthat…众所周知……4.Itisreportedthat…据报道……5.Iwastoldthat…据我所知……/有人告诉我…...9.被听到作某事10.被看见作某事11.建立/成立12.卖完beheardtodosth.beseentodosth.bebuilt/foundedbesoldout.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.英语在中国被用作最重要的外语。2.邮票是用来寄信的。EnglishisusedasthemostimportantforeignlanguageinChina.Stampsareusedforsending\tosendletters.3.据说他在美国待过五年。4.我们班由61位学生组成。5.据我所知,我们都通过了期末考试。ItissaidthathestayedinAmericaforfiveyearsOurclassismadeupof61students.Iwastoldthatwehadallpassedthefinalexam.六.即时演练:1.Ifthework____,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isf