SixSigmaSiviyPennSEPG2003（推荐英语版PDF157）

SponsoredbytheU.S.DepartmentofDefense©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage1Pittsburgh,PA15213-3890CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteIntegratingCMMI®andSixSigmainSoftwareandSystemsEngineeringM.LynnPennLockheedMartinManagement&DataSystemsJeannineM.SiviySoftwareEngineeringMeasurement&AnalysisInitiative®CMMIisregisteredintheU.S.PatentandTrademarkOfficebyCarnegieMellonUniversity.©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage2CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteTrademarksandServiceMarks®CapabilityMaturityModel,CapabilityMaturityModeling,CarnegieMellon,CERT,CERTCoordinationCenter,CMM,andCMMIareregisteredintheU.S.PatentandTrademarkOfficebyCarnegieMellonUniversity.SMArchitectureTradeoffAnalysisMethod;ATAM;CMMIntegration;CURE;IDEAL;InterimProfile;OCTAVE;OperationallyCriticalThreat,Asset,andVulnerabilityEvaluation;PersonalSoftwareProcess;PSP;SCAMPI;SCAMPILeadAssessor;SCAMPILeadAppraiser;SCE;SEI;SEPG;TeamSoftwareProcess;andTSPareservicemarksofCarnegieMellonUniversity.©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage3CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteOutlineObjectivesFundamentalsImplementationThe“BlackBelt”ProjectCaseStudySummaryAddendum•Readinglist•Additionalanalyticaltools•Additionalillustration•Changeagentreferences•CMMIProcessAreas©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage4CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteObjectivesReviewSixSigmafundamentalconceptsandbenefits.SharetipsonSixSigmaimplementationandtraininginasystemsandsoftwareenvironment.Offerperspectivesonthesynergybetweensoftware/systems-specificinitiativesandSixSigma.Illustrateseveralanalyticaltoolsforpotentialapplicationinsystemsengineeringandsoftwaredevelopment.Sharea“realstory”:DetailsofLockheedMartinManagement&DataSystemstechnologychangemanagementproject.©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage5CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteOutlineObjectivesFundamentalsImplementationThe“BlackBelt”ProjectCaseStudySummary©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage6CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteBriefHistory1979-Motorolaqualityimperative“rootsofSixSigma”1981-Motorolachallengetoimprove10foldin5years1988-MotorolawinsMalcolmBaldrigeQualityAward1991-MotorolaSixSigmaResearchInstituteestablished1992-Motorola,TexasInstruments,IBM,Kodak,andothersinitiatedeffortstodevelopthe6VBlackBeltprogram1995-GEmandatesSixSigmarollout;estimatescurrentperformanceat3.5Sigma1997-GEinvests$250Mtotrain4,000BlackBeltsand60,000GreenBeltsoutofworkforceof222,000;recoups$300Msameyear1998-GEcalculatesSixSigmapayoffat$1.25B[Stoddard00]©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage7CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteWhoUsesSixSigma?LockheedMartinBoeingGeneralElectricHewlettPackardHoneywellMotorolaNorthropGrummanRaytheonRohrTRWcompiledfromvarietyofnewsarticles,webreferencesandconferencepresentations©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage8CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteWhoElseUsesSixSigma?3MAmazon.comAmericanExpressBankofAmericaBlack&DeckerBombardierCitigroupDuPontEastmanKodakFordGeneralMotorsJPMorganLantechPellaWindowsPolaroidPorscheSonyElectronicsToshibaToyotaVolkswagenWireMolecompiledfromvarietyofnewsarticles,webreferencesandconferencepresentations©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage9CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteWhatIsSixSigma?•aphilosophy•aperformancemeasurement•animprovementframework•asetofimprovementtools•astructuredapproachforbusinessimprovement(abusinessstrategy)©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage10CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteSixSigmaPhilosophyImprovecustomersatisfactionbyreducingandeliminatingdefectsGreaterProfits©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage11CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteSixSigmaMetricsDefectMeasures•DefectRate,partspermillion(ppm)-“3.4ppm”–most-citedmetric•SigmaLevel•DefectsperUnit(dpu)•DefectsperMillionOpportunities(dpmo)•YieldPractitionerProjectMeasures•Defectmeasures•Cycletime,cost,productperformance,variability….•Bottom-linesavings©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage12CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteExampleSigmaLevelsSigmaLevel(ppmforshiftedprocess)110100PPMperPartorProcessStep2(308537)3(66807)4(6210)5(233)6(3.4)7AverageCompanyIRS-TaxAdvice(phone-in)RestaurantBillsDoctorPrescriptionWritingPayrollProcessingAirLineBaggageHandlingOrdersPlacedonFactoryDomesticAirlineFlightFatalityRate100,00010,0001,000USNavyAircraftAccidentsNote:SigmaLevelsvary+/-1sigmawithsource[Harrold98],[Harry00]©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage13CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstitute4SigmainEverydayTerms4Sigma=“99.9%sure”•9hours/yearunsafedrinkingwater•107incorrectmedicalproceduresaday•200,000incorrectdrugprescriptionsperyear•18,322piecesofmishandledmailanhour•2,000,000documentslostbyIRSayear•Twoshortorlonglandingsatanymajorairporteachday[Harrold99],[LMCM&DStraining]©2003byCarnegieMellonUniversitypage14CarnegieMellonSoftwareEngineeringInstituteEverythingisaprocess.Allprocesseshaveinherentvariability.Dataisusedtounderstandvariationandtodrivedecisionstoimprovetheprocesses.StatisticalThinking[ASQ00],[ASA01]OriginalMeanNewmeanafterimprovement(Spreadduetocommoncausevariat