NinaEnglishStudio将来的你一定会感激现在拼命努力的你!8BU1考点清单Helpingthoseinneed(一)重点单词详解1.permission不可数名词,意为“准许、批准”。搭配:askpermissiontodosth征求同意做某事askpermission报请批准Tellhimtoaskmypermissionbeforeheborrowssomething.动词:permit(permitted-permitted)permitsb.Todosth.允许某人做2.raise及物动词,意为“筹集,筹募”。Theyareraisingmoneyforthepeoplewholosthomesintheearthquake.拓展:raise还可以作为“举起,抬起”,同义词是lift。Don’traiseyourhand.3.voluntaryadj.志愿的,自愿的,无偿的拓展:volunteern志愿者voluntarywork义务性工作我在一家儿童医院做了些义务工作Ididsome________________inaChrildren’shospital.4.disableadj丧失能力的;有残疾的Hebecameseverely_________afterthebigfire.大火之后,他严重伤残了5.without,介词意为“没有,不”,其反义词是withHelefttheclassroomwithoutsayingaword.6.sick,形容词,意为“生病的”Hermotherisverysick.sick生病的,恶心的,作表语Hiswifewassickinbedwithacold.生病的,作定语Janeistakingcareofhersickmother.ill生病的,作表语Shehasbeenillforaboutamonth.坏的,作定语Theillboylovesplayingtricksonhiseldersister.7.teachsb.todosth.意为“教某人做某事”Canyouteachmetodrive?8.offer,动词,意为“主动提出”offersth.提出某事Heofferedaoffertodosth.(主动)提出做某事Tomofferedtodriveustothebusstation.offersb,sth./offersth.tosb.(主动)给某人提供某物Weshouldofferothersourhelp.9.during介词,意为“在……期间”Weoftengoswimmingduringthesummer.辨析:during,in和forduring用于某事是在某一段时间之内发生时,强调动作或状态的持续性。Duringthosemonthsheaskedalotofquestions.in一般情况下可与during互换,但表示某一动作发生在某一时间段内时,宜用inWeusuallytakeaholidayinJuly.for用于某事持续多久Tomwasinschoolforonlythreemonths.10.serious形容词,意为“严重的,严肃的”拓展:seriously副词,意为“严重地,严肃地”Thereisnothingserious.Helooksserious,butheisverykind.11.express及物动词,意为“表露,表达”Billisnotafraidtoexpresshisopinions.拓展:expression名词,意为“表达,表示”12.复习spend等的用法13.lonely形容词,意为“孤独的,寂寞的”:Heledalonelylifewithfewfriends.辨析:lonely与aloneIwastravellingaloneinthelonelymountain.Ididn’feellonelythoughIwasalone.NinaEnglishStudio将来的你一定会感激现在拼命努力的你!14.continue及物动词,意为“使继续;使连续”,其后可接动词不定式或动名词做宾语,且都表示“继续做某事”Theycontinuedtohaveaparty.Mikecontinuedreadingthebook.15.tell及物动词,意为“讲述;告诉”,tellstories意为“讲故事”辨析:tell,talk,speak和saytell告诉,讲述表示把某件事或某条件信息传达给别人,也可以表示“讲故事”或“讲谎话”等talk交谈,谈话talkto/withsb.意为“与某人交谈”,talkabout意为“谈论”speak说,发言常用来指说某种语言,也可指发言等say说强调说的内容,它的后面或前面往往有说话的内容Helikestotelljoks.Pleasetalktohimrightnow.HecanspeakEnglishandalittleChinese.CanyousayitinEnglishoncemore?16.hurt此处用作及物动词,意为“受伤”:Hefelloffatreeandhurthisarm【原句】Hehurthislegsinanaccident,buthehaslotsofcourage拓展:hurt作及物动词,意为“伤害”Youshouldn’thurtithurt作不及物动词,意为(身体部位)疼痛,使用时应用疼痛的具体部位做主语。MystomachhurtsbecauseIhaveeatentoomayappleshurt作名词,意为“伤害,伤痛,创伤”:Imeannohurttohurtherfeelings17.like:介词,意为“像”:WeneedtohelpchildrenlikeTimandraisetheirspiritsYoushouldeatyangfoods,likebeefTeenagerswanttobefamouspersonslikeLiuXiang拓展:like可用在某些动词后构成短语,如looklike“看起来像”,soundlike“听起来像”feellikedoingsth“想做某事”Marylookslikehermotherlike还可作动词,意为“喜欢”,其后可跟动词ing形式或动词不定式,表示“喜欢做某事”(二)重点短语详解1.givesb.ahand,意为“帮助某人”,相当于helpsb.Comeon,letmegiveyouahand.2.inneed有困难的(谚语)患难朋友才是真朋友:Afriend___________isafriendindeed.3.talkto,意为“与……交谈”Iwanttotalktomymotheraboutthebike.拓展:1)talkwith,意为“与……交谈”,强调谈话双方无主次之分,互相交流、交谈。Sheistalkingwithafriend.2)talkabout,意为“谈论(某人、某事等)”Pleasetalkaboutthepicture.4.sufferfromsth.意为“因某事受苦,受折磨”,其后常接表示疾病痛苦、痛苦、寒冷、饥饿、悲伤等的词语,无被动语态。Manyteenagersaresufferingfromthecomputergames.5.takephotosof表示“给……拍照”,takephotos意为“拍照”Tonyenjoystakingphotos.6.helpsb(to)dosth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,help后做宾补的不定代词可以带to,也可以不带to,本结构与helpsb.withsth.意思相同。Heoftenhelpsme(to)studyEnglish.=HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.拓展:helponeselftosth.随便吃某物Helpyourselftothefish.NinaEnglishStudio将来的你一定会感激现在拼命努力的你!(三)重点句型1.Couldyou(please)dosth.?意为“你能做某事吗?”或者“请你做某事好吗?”,用于委婉的请求别人做某事,could在这个句型中表示一种委婉客气的语气。—Couldyou(please)closethedoor?—Yes,sure.2.therebe句型,therebe句型表示存在,意为“某地有某物”。be动词应与紧跟其后的主语的单复数形式保持一致。主语时不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is或was,主语是复数可数名词时用are或were。Thereissomebreadontheplate.Therearesevendaysinaweek.注:当therebe句型中有几个并列的主语,be动词的形式通常要与离其最近的主语的单复数形式保持一致Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.Therearetwoboysandateacheroverthere.3.havedifficulty(in)doingsth,意为“做某事有困难”,in可以省略。【原句】Theyhavedifficultywalkingormovingdifficulty不可数名词,意为“困难,费劲”,Ihadsomedifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem拓展:类似结构的短语还有:havetrouble(in)doingsth做某事有麻烦haveproblems(in)doingsth做某事有问题havefun(in)doingsth做某事有乐趣单元语法:动词不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词一种,在句子中,它除了不能作谓语外,可以担当其它任何成分,主语宾语、表语等。本课主要讲动词不定式作宾语的情况,例如:Iwanttodoitmyself.Wefounditdifficulttoworkwithhim'Ourteacherpromisedtoseethemoviewithus.以上句子的不定式都是作动词的宾语。(一)动词后的不定式能跟不定式的动词:如:决定做某事decidetodosth.同意做某事agreetodosth.安排做某事arrangetodosth要做某事wanttodosth希望做某事hopetodosth记得做某事remembertodosth忘记做某事forgettodosth动词接不定式做宾语补足语请某人做某事asksbtodosth.叫某人做某事tellsbtodosth.要某人做某事wantsbtodosth看见某人做某事seesbdosth.注意到某人做某事noticesbdosth.使某人做某事makesbdosth注意:不带to的不定式1)hadbetterdosth./hadbetternotdosth.2)let,make,see,feel,watchhear等感官和使役动词后,3)示建议和劝告的疑问句中,whynotdo…?NinaEnglishStudio将来的你一定会感激现在拼命努力的你!(二)特殊疑问词后的不定式疑问代词who,what,which等和疑问副词when,where,how等后面跟不定式,构成不定式短语。这种结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等句子成分。如:Wheretogoisstillaquestion.到哪里去还是个问题。(作主语)Iknowwheretofindtheboy.我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。(作动词know的宾语)IaskedherhowtolearnEnglish.我问她如何学英语。(作双重宾语)Wemustfirstsolvetheproblemofwhomtoserve.我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。(作介词of的宾语)ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell.问题是怎样学好英语。(作表语)注意:1、“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构经常用在某些动词后作宾语,类似的动词有:tel