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NinaEnglishStudio将来的你一定会感激现在拼命努力的你！8BU3考点清单TraditionalSkills重点单词详解1．usedto&beusedtodoing&beusedtodo2．although虽然，尽管与though同义，用来引导让步状语从句。不能与but同时出现在句子中。Although比较正式，常用于句首；though多用于非正式文体，表示强调。3．fitadj.健壮的，健康的v.合适，侧重于尺寸，大小合适。Tokeepfit,sheeatsalotofvegetablesandfruits.Thiscoatdoesn’tfitme.4．upto到达，至多有；uptonow到现在为止=bynowHisstorybooksareupto50.5．setoff出发，动身=setoutTheysetoffatnight.6．get/bereadyfor为......做好准备，beready准备好的.....Bereadytodosth准备做某事Mothergetsreadyfordinner.Tomisreadyfortheexam.Areyouready?I’mreadytogo.7．tie...around..栓......在......周围Thegirltiesascarfaroundherneck.8．Tieto把......系在......Hetiedthehorsetoatree.Tieup系好，捆好Pleasetieupyoursafetybelt.9．stop...fromdoing阻止.......做......=prevent...from=keep...fromTheheavyrainprevented/keptusfromclimbingthemountain.10．reach&get&arriveReach及物动词，后直接跟表示地点的名词GetGetto+地点名词；gethere/theArriveArriveat+小地点；arrivein+大地点；可当不及物动词：Hearrived.11．hang悬挂，吊悬挂：hang-hung-hung;绞死，吊死：hang-hanged-hanged12．throw短语Throw...into把......扔进....Throwaway扔掉throwoff匆匆脱掉throwat向......扔去Hethrewastoneintotheriver.Throwawaythoseoldnewspapers.Don’tthrowoffyourcoat.It’scoldoutside.Tomthrewstonesatmydog.13．require&needPlantsrequirewateringeveryday.Usedtodosth过去常常做某事只用于过去时态Heusedtogotoschoolbybike.Beusedtodoing习惯于可用于过去，现在，将来等时态Heisusedtogoingtoschool.Beusedtodo被用于......可用于任何时态=beusedfordoingRequire及物动词Requiretobedone;requiredoing;requiresbtodoNeed及物动词Needtodo;needtobedone;needdoing情态动词NeeddoNinaEnglishStudio将来的你一定会感激现在拼命努力的你！TheyrequirethatIshouldappear.Ineedtobuyanewbike.Theroomneedstobecleaned.Youneedn’tcome.14．nomore&nolongerNomore不再常用来修饰非延续性动词，表示今后不再重复以前发生的动作，多指数量上不再增加，程度不再加深。=not...anymoreNolonger不再相当于not...anylonger,在句中起副词作用，用来修饰延续性动词，指某事从时间上讲以后不再发生，其时间不再延续。Henomorecomes.Wearenolongerstudents.Heisnomoreastudent.=Heisn’tastudentanymore.15．mistake错误Makeamistake犯错误bymistake错误地，无意中MistakeAforB把A错认成BHemakesalotofmistakesingrammar.Itookherumbrellabymistake.IoftenmistakeLucyforLily.16．after&laterAfter介词常用于过去时态，after+一段时间表示某段时间后Later副词常用于过去时或将来时，一段时间+later形容词意为“后来的”，修饰名词Aftertwoyears,hediedinLondon.TomleftforShanghaitwoweekslater.17．keep短语Keepsb/sth+形容词：使......保持......;keep+形容词：保持某种状态；keep(sb)doing：不停地做某事Coatswillkeepyouwarm.Weshouldkeepoutschoolcleanandtidy.Theshopkeepsopentwelvehoursaday.Don’tkeeptalking.18．名词+y=形容词Health(健康）+y=healthy（健康的）luck(幸运）+y=lucky（幸运的）Ingood/bad/poorhealth健康状况好/不好keephealthy保持健康Forluck为了吉利；badluck倒霉goodluck好运19．bemadefrom&bemadeofBemadefrom由......制成；看不出原材料Bemadeof由......制成；看得出原材料Bemadeupof由......组成Bemadeinto被制成.....Bemadein在......制造Theymadewinefromrice.Paperismadefromwood.Thehouseismadeofwood,Thedollismadeupoffourparts.20．voice&noise&soundVoice嗓音；指喉咙发出的声音Noise噪声Sound泛指一切声音NinaEnglishStudio将来的你一定会感激现在拼命努力的你！单元语法：被动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）结构：主语+be+过去分词时态：1.一般现在时：am(is,are)done.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must(can,may,should,need,would)bedone3.一般过去时：was(were)done4.一般将来时：will(shall)bedone5.现在进行时：am(is,are)beingdone6.现在完成时：have(has)beendone例：Heopenedthedoor.他开了门。(主动句)Thedoorwasopened.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的用法1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Thisbookwaspublishedin1981.（publish出版）这本书出版于1981年。（没有必要或说出出版者）2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：ThewindowwasbrokenbyMike.窗户是迈克打破的。ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuxun.这本书是鲁迅写的。三、主动语态变被动语态的方法1．把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2．把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)3．把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：Allthepeoplelaughedathim.改为：Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.Theymakethebikesinthefactory.改为：Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。四、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.改为：Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Wemustfinishthisworksoon.改为：Thisworkmustbefinishedsoon.五、主动变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.（1）时态保持一致。Irepairedmycomputer.改为：Mycomputerwasrepaired.（2）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。Hisbestfriendoftenlooksafterhim.改为：Heisoftenlookedafterbyhisbestfriend.（3）主动语态中若有双宾语,将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变Lindagavemeabook.(双宾语，me为间接宾语,abook为直接宾语)改为：IwasgivenabookbyLinda.或者：AbookwasgiventomebyLinda.（直接宾语提前时，要在间接宾语前加介词）NinaEnglishStudio将来的你一定会感激现在拼命努力的你！（4）主动语态句中动词make,have,let(使sb.做sth.),see.watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel等变成被动语态时，后面的不定式需要加上to.Mr.Leemadehimwashthedishes.改为：Hewasmadetowashthedishes.（5）有些动词不能用于被动语态,例如takeplace/happen/cometrue/breakout/belongto等。Allyourdreamswillcometrueifyoutryyourbest.（6）感官动词不用于被动语态，例如look/sound/smell/taste等。例如：Theflowerssmellsweet.Theflowersaresmeltsweet.当说话人需要强调客观时，用被动语态。Itissaidthatthetemperaturetomorrowwillbe40℃.据说明天的气温将要达到摄氏40度。Itishopedthattheywillbesuccessful.希望她们会获得成功。Itisbelievedthat...据信，大家相信Itisknownthat...众所周知Itissupposedthat...大家认为issuggestedthat...据建议，有人建议Itmustberememberedthat...务必记住Itistakenforgrantedthat...……被认为理所当然