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VladimirPutinVladimirPutinIn2000,hewaselectedtobeRussianPresident.In2004,putinre-electedPresident.Putinwasforcedbytheconstitutiontoyieldthepresidencyin2008afterservingamaximumtwoconsecutiveterms.Butsurprisingly,Putinalsoholdthepostofthepresident.AsRussia'spresident,Putinpassedintolawaflatincometaxof13%,areducedprofitstax,andnewlandandlegalcodes.AsPrimeMinister,Putinoversawlargescalemilitaryreformandpolicereform.HisenergypolicyhasaffirmedRussia'spositionasanenergysuperpowerPutintakingthepresidentialoathathis3rdinaugurationceremony(7May2012)BoyishPutinByfifthgradehewasoneofafewinaclassofmorethan45pupilswhowasnotyetamemberofthePioneers,largelybecauseofhisrowdybehavior.WhileatuniversityhebecameamemberoftheCommunistPartyoftheSovietUnionandremainedamemberuntilthepartywasdissolvedinDecember1991.On28July1983PutinmarriedKaliningrad（加里宁格勒）-bornLyudmilaShkrebneva,atthattimeanundergraduatestudentoftheSpanishbranchofthePhilologyDepartmentoftheLeningradStateUniversityandaformerAeroflotflightattendant.Theyhavetwodaughters.Over11yearsinpower,Putinhascultivatedtheimageofavigorousleaderandbeenfilmedridingbare-chestedonhorseback,scubadivingandshowingoffhisjudoskills.Hispolicies--crushingaChechenseparatistrebellion,tamingsuper-richbusinessmenandbringingwaywardregionstoheel--havesimilarlywonhimpopularityamongRussians.Putin,describedinleakedUSdiplomaticcablesastheAlphadoginthetandem,proposedhisyoungerandmoreliberalprotegereplacehimasprimeministeraftertheelectiontoleadayoungreformistgovernment.Aspresidentfrom2000to2008,Putinoversawaneconomicboomwherehouseholdincomesimprovedonthebackofariseinglobaloilprices,andhistoughtalkingandmachoimagehelpedrestoreRussia'sself-confidenceontheworldstage.SomeeconomistssayhisreturntotheKremlinmakesitlesslikelythatRussiawillcarryoutmuch-neededchangessuchaspensionreformsandreducingRussia'sdependencyonnaturalresources.Oilandgasrevenuesmakeuphalfthebudget.scuba:自携式水中呼吸器，水肺judo:柔道wayward:resistanttoguidanceordiscipline（任性的，倔强的，不服管教的）protege:门徒，追随者onthebackof:紧跟着，在……之外Alphadog:领头羊，大哥，最有资历的人