2010年成人高考英语语法复习资料

2008年成人高考英语语法复习资料1.一般现在时的被动语态：承受者+be{is/am/are+done（过去分词）by+执行者.E.g.：Manyschoolsarebuilt（done）everyyearinthecity.note：｛地点状语，时间状语一般都放在句末；inthecity特指其中be的使用取决于主语的单复形式。Alotof修饰可数和不可数名词Many修饰可数名词Mach修饰不可数名词主动：Theyallread（原形）Englisheveryday.被动：Englishread（过去分词）byallofthemeveryday.主动：Motheroftenscoldsme.被动：Iamoftenscoldedbymother.2.一般过去式的被动语态：承受者+be{was/were+done（过去分词）by+执行者（不明确可省略）。E.g.：主动：Herepairedhisbikeyesterday.被动：Hisbikewasrepairedbyhimyesterday.主动：ChildrencleanedmanystreetslastSunday.被动：ManystreetswerecleanedbychildrenlastSunday.3.现在进行时的被动语态：承受者+be{is/am/arebeing（现在分词）doneby+执行者（不明确可省略）。E.g.主动：Heiswritinghiscomposition.被动：Hiscompositionisbeingwrittenbyhim.Note：write/wrote/wtitten4.过去进行时的被动语态：承受者+be{was/were｝being（现在分词）doneby+执行者（不明确可省略）。E.g.主动：Hewasmajoringcomputerduringhiscollege.被动：Computerwasbeingmajoredbyhimduringhiscollege.5.将来时的被动语态：承受者+｛begoingto/will/shall（be动词原形）/beto｝bedoneby+执行者（不明确时可省略）。E.g.1Abigsupermarketwill/shall/betobebuiltherenextyearNote：beto：计划或安排好的动作或行为。E.g.2TheflightistoleaveforHefeicity.6.现在完成时的被动语态：承受者+have（复数主语）/hasbeendoneby+执行者（不明确可省略）E.g.主动：OurSchoolhasfinishedmanyscientificresearches.被动：Manyscientificresearcheshavebeenfinishedbyourschool.7.将来时态的被动语态：承受者+｛begoingto/will/shall/beto｝havebeendoneby+执行者E.g.主动：We‘llhavefinishedthebookbytheendofSeptember.被动：Thebookwill/shallhavebeenfinishedbytheendofSeptemberNote：bytheendof短语的用法（1）Willhavedonebytheendof+将来时态（2）Haddonebytheendof+过去完成时态E.g.Theprojecthadbeenmadebytheendoflastweek.lookout（for）小心watchout（for）小心wear（**）out使疲劳；劳累leaveout省去；遗漏；忽略workout（well）很成功；结果是好的turnout生产；证明是putout扑灭；生产；出版；赶走takeout拿出pullout拉出；掏出；拔出；抽出；取出；（车，船）驶出pickout选出；领会；弄明白payout付出；得到报应makeout看清；理解；断定keepout把…挡在外边holdout伸出；支撑；提出handout分发；施舍goout（灯、火）熄灭；（年、月）结束；（衣着）过时；倒塌；罢工carryout（theplan/thepolicy）实施；执行breakout爆发checkout结账离开giveout发出（气味、热）等；分发；耗尽；疲劳callout大声叫喊dropout辍学；掉落comeout出来；花开放；出版；得…名次getout（使）出去；逃脱；（消息等）泄露；说出；公布thinkout想出letout泄漏（机密）发出（喊叫）pointout指出blowup告吹；发脾气（风雨）等发生breakup破碎；结束（士气）衰弱；（关系）破裂bringup培养；养育；呕吐callup给…打电话；使人想起comeup走近；发芽；提出来；出现（问题；建议）；上楼coverup掩盖；包庇cutup切碎；使…难过getup起床；起立（风、浪）大起来；打扮；安排；组织checkup=checkthrough=checkover核对；检查giveup放弃；把…送交；使埋头于…goup上升；涨价；修建；增长hangup/off挂起；挂断电话holdup举起；竖起；支撑；使停顿；使延误keepup保持；继续（某活动）shutup关门；关在里面；闭嘴lookup抬头看；查阅；看望；（身体）好转makeup弥补；赔偿；编造；组成；虚构pullup拔出；拔掉；使车停住；停车pickup举起；拾起；（身体）好转；中途接入；windup上紧（钟表）发条；使紧张；兴奋；结束putup举起；盖起；支起；张贴；投宿showup=turnup露面takeup着手；占有（时间，空间）turnup出现；放大（灯光，收音机，煤气等）workup激发（情感）wrapup席卷而去；包起来thinkup想出useup用完makeup化妆；编造saveup节省eatup吃光stayup/situp熬夜不睡觉lightup照亮；（脸上）呈现高兴的情绪lookup抬头看；查找；好转blowoff吹掉；埋怨；炸掉breakoff突然中断；停止；与…断绝关系calloff叫走；取消carryoff夺走；抢走；获得奖品；叼走comeoff脱落；举行；结果cutoff切下；剪下；切断crossoff/out勾掉；划掉dieoff相继死去falloff跌落；减少；脱落；衰退knockoff撞落；撞倒getoff下来；下车；脱下（衣服）；（飞机）起飞giveoff发出；放出gooff（to…）熄灭；动身去某地；炸锅hangoff/back忧郁；畏缩holdoff推迟；抵挡；不使…接近keepoff避开；防止；挡住leaveoff停止；中断payoff还清；偿还掉putoff推迟；延期shutoff关掉；切断电源takeoff脱下；起飞turnoff关掉；切断；取消wipeoff擦掉；还清（债务）blowdown吹倒；吹落breakdown出故障；失败；崩溃；分解bringdown使下降；使泄气comedown下来；下降cutdown减少开支；砍倒diedown（风、雨、火、植物，浪）平息falldown落下；跌到；倒塌；失败；证明是不行的godown（价格）下降；（日、月）落下；（风、浪）平静；（船）下沉；倒闭handdown递给；传递下来；世代相传holddown制止；控制；缩减putdown写下；记下；镇压；放下shutdown（指工厂）关闭；停工turndown拒绝；关小；调低takedown记下来；取下来；拆除；咽下let**down使…失望bringabout导致；产生；发生comeabout产生；造成hangabout/around闲逛；逗留；徘徊checkover核对；检查comeover走过来takeover接管；接替；继承thinkover仔细考虑；思考一下turnover翻开；翻身；移交goover越过；细看；复习；转向；被翻倒getover爬过（山、墙）；克服（困难、偏见）熬过；从…恢复过来；做完；浏览lookoverone‘sshoulder看过去rollover翻滚；翻身fallover绊了一跤takeaway拿走getaway（from）逃脱；离开；出发；把…送走；寄走blowaway吹走；吹散breakawayfrom脱离（政党）等；放弃；打破（陈规）carryaway运走；使失去自制力dieaway（风、声音）减弱giveaway分发；赠送；出卖；放弃（机会）等goaway走开；离去；（岁月）流逝；死去keepawayfrom…使避开；使远离passaway去世；消失；度过putaway把…收起来；存好；放置暂时不用runaway逃走；携带…逃走fadeaway褪色；慢慢褪去washaway洗掉；（洪水）冲垮stayawayfrom离…远点shyawayfrom退出；躲避bringback拿回；使…回想起callback/ringback回电话turnback回来fightback反击getback回来；恢复；要回；带回putback放回原处；拨回时钟；延期推迟takeback收回kickback踢回payback偿还writeback回信giveback归还；送回；恢复；后退comebacktolife恢复健康lookbackon…回忆；回顾throwback扔回去drawback后退其他常用词组（to为介词）objectto反对attendto办理；处理；注意听；照顾lookforwardto期待；盼望beopposedto反对devote…to贡献给…stickto坚持leadto导致payattentionto注意到berelatedto与…有关belimitedto限制到…beappliedto应用于…referto提到；指的是seeto注意做到；务必做到；负责…turnto翻到；求助于第一章名词1、名词的数A、常见的不可数名词1、Fluids（流体）：air空气，smoke烟，water水，oil油，ink墨木，juice果汁，rain雨水，tea茶，coffee咖啡，wine酒，beer啤酒2、Substances（物质）：paper纸，glass玻璃，wood木头，iron铁，chalk粉笔，fruit水果，meat肉，beef牛肉，mutton羊肉，chicken鸡肉，sugar糖，salt盐，rice米，sand沙子，dust灰尘，gold黄金3、Abstracts（抽象名词）：health健康，wealth财富，honesty诚实，friendship友谊，wisdom智慧，attention注意力，luck运气，progress进步，work工作，room空间，news新闻，information消息，love爱，trouble麻烦，happiness幸福，silence寂静4、Subjects（学科）：physics物理，chemistry化学，mathematics数学，history历史，geography地理，English英语，biology生物，music音乐B、可数名词的复数形式1、直接在词尾加-s，如desks，maps，cats，penscars，farms2、以-s，-x，-ch，sh结尾的词加-es：glasses，classes，buses，boxes，foxes，watches，matches，brushes，dishes（例外：stomachs胃）3、以-O结尾的词：Negroes，heres，potatoes，tomatoes（有生命的名词加-es）；photos，pianos，kilos，radios，zoosstudios（无生命的名词加-es）4、辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i再加es：city-cities，story-stories，baby-babies，dictionary-dictionaries，factory-factories