干湿循环作用下红黏土的变形和强度特性研究

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硕士学位论文干湿循环作用下红黏土的变形和强度特性研究学位类型:专业型学位学科(专业学位类别):建筑与土木工程作者姓名:龚琰导师姓名及职称:朱建群教授实践导师姓名及职称:周勇高级工程师学院名称:土木工程学院论文提交日期:2015年5月30日密级:公开中图分类号:TU446本论文受以下项目资助:国家自然科学基金项目(NO.41302226)干湿循环作用下红黏土的变形和强度特性研究学位类型:专业型学位学科(专业学位类别):建筑与土木工程作者姓名:龚琰作者学号:13020201008导师姓名及职称:朱建群教授实践导师姓名及职称:周勇高级工程师学院名称:土木工程学院论文提交日期:2015年5月30日学位授予单位:湖南科技大学StudyondeformationandstrengthpropertiesofredclayunderdryingandwettingcirculationTypeofDegreeProfessionalDegreeDiscipline(TypeofProfessionalDegree)ArchitectureandCivilEngineeringCandidateGongYanStudentNumber13020201008SupervisorandProfessionalTitleProfessorZhuJianqunPracticeMentorandProfessionalTitleSeniorEngineerZhouYongSchoolCivilEngineeringSchoolDateMay30,2015UniversityHunanUniversityofScienceandTechnology学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外,本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名:日期:年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版,允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权湖南科技大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索,可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名:日期:年月日导师签名:日期:年月日i摘要本文以贵州凯里红黏土为研究对象,立足于红黏土干湿循环作用下强度和变形特征的探讨,通过室内重塑红黏土的胀缩变形试验、裂隙观测试验、直剪试验,较为全面地揭示了反复干湿循环作用下红黏土的胀缩性、裂隙性和强度特性的发展规律。主要内容如下:1、通过室内基本物理性质试验,测定土的天然含水率,天然密度和比重,得出土体天然含水率为39.4%,天然干密度为1.16g/cm3,比重为2.676。进行筛分法和水分法试验对土的粒径级配组成进行判定,土中粘粒含量高达65%;测定液、塑限,得到液限为61.1%,塑限为36.8%;分析土的击实特性,通过lagrange插值法求取最优含水率为32.09%,最大干密度为1.412g/cm3;依据规范判定土的状态为硬塑、类别为高液限粉质土,判定其亲水能力不强,为非活性黏土。2、通过常规胀缩性试验,测定室内重塑红黏土的自由膨胀率、无荷载膨胀率、有荷膨胀率、膨胀力及竖向收缩率,指出红黏土与膨胀土的本质区别,以缩为主。设定干湿循环条件,探讨收缩性指标与含水率、干湿循环次数和干湿先后顺序的关系。试验得出含水率与循环次数会显著影响收缩结果,但干湿先后顺序未能造成收缩现象的明显差异。3、通过室内裂隙开展情况的观察,对比各含水率对裂隙发育形态的影响。探讨随循环次数递增下裂隙的递变规律,进行裂隙定量化描述。试验表明,裂隙随循环次数增长而逐步发育至稳定,低含水率试样表面易形成网格状张拉裂隙,而高含水率试样则易因收缩而产生环向裂隙,含水率越高,裂隙度越大,且裂隙会在水分蒸发过程中经历先外张后回缩状态。4、设定室内重塑红黏土试样的初始条件(初始含水率、干密度、环境温度),设定干湿循环次数,干湿循环经历时间,干湿程度等因素,开展室内直剪试验。研究反复干湿循环效应下红黏土的强度变化规律。探索各含水率下的强度衰减拟合公式,分析红黏土的强度与含水率、循环次数的关系。结果表明,受到干湿循环次数的影响,0到2循环后,对高含水率试样而言,内摩擦角与粘聚力均有明显改变,而对低含水率试样施行干湿循环仅仅使其粘聚力迅速衰减。处于最优含水率附近的试样,在0循环时会产生粘聚力和内摩擦角的峰值点,此后循环,含水率影响几乎可以忽略。关键词:红黏土;干湿循环;胀缩性;强度特性;裂隙性iiAbstractThispapertakesGuizhouKailiredclayastheresearchmaterial.Themainresearchbasesonthestrengthanddeformationcharacteristicsunderthedryingandwettingcirculationeffect,throughswell-shrinkdeformationtest、fissureobservationtestdirectsheartestanddirectsheartestofthereshaperedclayinthelaboratory,wecancomprehensivelyrevealthevariationofswell-shrinkproperties、strengthpropertiesandfissureundertheresearch.Themaincontentsareasfollows:1.Throughthebasicphysicalpropertiestestinthelaboratory,wecangetthesoil’smoisturecontent,naturaldensityandthespecificdensity.Itisconcludedthatnaturalsoilmoisturecontentis39.4%,naturaldrydensityis1.16g/cm3,thespecificdensityis2.676.Usingthescreeningtestandmoisturetestmethodtogetthesoil’sparticlesizegradationcomposition,itturnsoutthatclaycontentinthesoilashighas65%;Measuringthelimitmoisturecontent,theresultsaretheliquidlimitis61.1%,plasticlimitis36.8%;Analysisofsoil’scompactioncharacteristics,tocalculatetheoptimalmoisturecontentis32.09%andmaximumdrydensityis1.412g/cm3bylagrangeinterpolationmethod;Judgingthestateofthesoilishardplastic,categoryisMHanddetermineitshydrophilicabilityisnotstrong,itisnotactivatedclay.2.AcquisitiontheFreeexpansionrate、Noloadinflationrate、Inflationrateunderloadapplication、ExpansionforcesandTheverticalshrinkagethroughconventionalswell-shrinkpropertytest.Pointsoutthattheessentialdifferencebetweentheredclayandexpansivesoil,wecanfindthattheredclay’smaincharacteristicsisshrinkage.Settingupdrying-wettingcycleconditionstodiscusstherelationshipbetweenshrinkageindexesandmoisturecontent、circulartimesandtheordertodryorwet.Aftertheresearchwegetthemoisturecontentandcontractioncycleswillsignificantlyinfluencetheresults,buttheordertodryorwetfailedtocausetheobviousdifference.3.Observethefissureinthelaboratory,comparingtheeffectofmoisturecontentonthefissuredevelopment.Discussiononthechangingruleofthefissurewiththegrowthofthenumberofcycles,Trytodescribethequantitativeoffissure.Testshowsthatcrackalongwiththegrowthofcycletimesfirstwillgraduallydevelopmentandafterseveraltimeswilltostable.Surfaceiseasytoformagridtensionfracturewhensamplesunderlowmoisturecontent,andhighmoisturecontentofsampleiseasyproducethecirculardirectioncracksduetoshrinkage.Thehigherofthemoisturecontent,thebiggerofthecrack.Intheprocessofevaporationthecrackwillfirstexpandoutwardandthenshrinkback.4.Settinguptheinitialconditionsofreshaperedclaysamples(Theinitialwatercontent,drydensity,thetemperature),settingupthecycletimes,thediachronicofthecycleandthedegreeofthedryingandwettingcirculationtoconductdirectsheartestinthelaboratory.Researchingtheruleofstrengthvariationunderrepeatedwettinganddryingcycles.Explorethefittingformulaofdescendingstrengthundervariouswatercontent,Analysisoftheiiirelationshipbetweenthestrengthandwatercontentandnumberofcycles.Resultsshowthatundertheinfluenceofdry-wetcycles,0to2cycle,forhighmoisturecontentofspecimens,theinternalfrictionangleandcohesiveforcehastheobviouschange,butlowmoisturecontentsampleunderdry-wetcirculationonlymakethecohe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