1雅思托福语法之被动语态、定语从句

•Partone被动语态•Parttwo定语从句•Partthree写作句式被动语态PassiveVoicePandoraJuly，2017被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。•1)一般现在时•am/is/are+done(过去分词)•游客被要求不能触摸展览品。•Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.•2）一般过去时•was/weredone•我被给了十分钟决定是否接受这份工作。•IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.•1.Nooneperson___(hold)directlyresponsibleforcompletingthetasks.•Isheld•2.They___(tell)thatthenumberofpotatoestheyeachpeeled___(record).•Weretoldwouldberecorded追思过往•3）一般将来时•shall/willbedone/isgoingtobedone/•isabouttobedone/istobetodone•如果工厂倒闭，人们会失去数以百计的工作。•Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.•4）过去将来时•should/wouldbedone/was\weregoingtobedone•was\wereabouttobedone/was\weretobetodone•那时，消息传达到后，马上被转告给了那位士兵的母亲。•Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.•3.Ifthishappens,thennoadditionaljobs___(create).•Willbecreated•4.Hesaidhe___(love)ifhelovesothers.•Wouldbeloved•5）过去进行时•was/werebeingdone•当我在那里的时候，召开了一场会议。•AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.•6）现在进行时•am/is/arebeingdone•那里正在建一个新的电影院。•Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.•5.Thestudentswhowereawarethatthey___(watch)actuallytiedtheirshoesmuchfasterthanthestudentswhothoughttheywerealone.•Werebeingwatched•6.Thetrendofreadinglessliteratureisallthemoreregrettablebecauseitistakingplaceduringaperiodwhengoodliterature___(write).•Isbeingwritten•7）现在完成时•has/havebeendone•所有工作都已被完成，我们准备出发了。•Allthepreparationshavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.•8）过去完成时•hadbeendone•到去年年底，在北京一个新体育馆已经建成了。•Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.•7.Thebicyclesapparently___(forget)bytheirowners.•Havebeenforgotten8.Whenthefiresfinallydiedout,nearlyonethirdofYellowstone’sland___(scorch).•Hadbeenscorched•9）将来完成时•shall/willhavebeendone•这个项目将于七月前完工。•TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.•10）过去将来完成时•should/wouldhavebeendone•那时，他告诉我，他的新衣服很快就要做好了。•Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.•9.Bytheendofnextyear,manymorehigh-rises___(build)aroundhere.•willhavebeenbuilt•10.Hesaidthatifthereformprocesswaseasy,it___(do)decadesago.•wouldhavebeendone•11）不定式中的被动语态•tobedone•在佛罗里达（Florida）北部发现了大量的这种树。•ThistypeoftreeusedtobefoundinabundanceinthenorthernpartofFlorida.•12）动名词中的被动语态•beingdone•这个想法很快被丢弃了，而没有进一步讨论。•Theideawasquicklydroppedinsteadofbeingfurtherdiscussed.•11.Ifyouwant___(respect),youmustrespectyourself.•Toberespected•12.Everyoneappreciates___(appreciate).•Beingappreciated牛刀小试•请用被动语态翻译下列句子：•1.奥运会将于四年后在我国举行。•2.因为将会有大批大批的人造访我们国家，政府将建造新宾馆、一个巨型体育馆和一个奥林匹克标准的新游泳池。•3.他们还将建造新道路和一条铁路专线。•4.奥运会将在首都外围举行，而那整个区域将被称为“奥林匹克城”。•5.到今年年底，工人们将完成新道路的建设。•6.到明年年底前，他们将完成新体育馆的施工。•7.这些壮观的建筑物都是Kan设计的。•8.我们都非常激动，期盼着奥运会的召开，因为在我们国家还从未举办过奥运会。牛刀小试•请用被动语态翻译下列句子：•1.奥运会将于四年后在我国举行。•1.TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinourcountryinfouryears.•2.因为将会有大批大批的人造访我们国家，政府将建造新宾馆、一个巨型体育馆和一个奥林匹克标准的新游泳池。•2.Asagreatmanyofpeoplewillvisitourcountry,newhotels,animmensestadium,andanewOlympicstandardswimmingpoolwillbebuiltbythegovernment.•3.他们还将建造新道路和一条铁路专线。•3.Newroadsandaspecialrailwaylinewillbebuiltaswell.牛刀小试•请用被动语态翻译下列句子：•4.奥运会将在首都外围举行，而那整个区域将被称为“奥林匹克城”。•4.TheOlympicGameswillbeheldoutsidethecapitalandthewholeareawillbecalled“OlympicCity”.•5.到去年年底，工人们已完成新道路的建设。•5.Newroadshadbeencompletedbyworkersbytheendoflastyear.•6.到明年年底前，他们将完成新体育馆的施工。•6.Bytheendofnextyear,workonthenewstadiumwillhavebeenfinished.牛刀小试•请用被动语态翻译下列句子：•7.这些壮观的建筑物都是Kan设计的。•7.ThesefantasticbuildingshavebeendesignedbyKan.•8.我们都非常激动，期盼着奥运会的召开，因为在我们国家还从未举办过奥运会。•8.WeareallveryexcitedandarelookingforwardtotheOlympicGamesbecausetheyhaveneverbeenheldbeforeinourcountry.定语从句AttributiveClausesPandoraJuly，2017追思过往•1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。•2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。•3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。•关系词有关系代词和关系副词。•关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；•关系副词有when,where,why.关系代词——主语、宾语关系代词——As1.引导限制性定语从句A.as多与such或thesame连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。B.2.引导非限制性定语从句作用相当于which，位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。例如：Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.Theelephant’snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.关系副词——状语只能用that的情况•1.先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时；•2.先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时；•3.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰时；•4.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；•5.先行词是be的表语或therebe的主语时；•6.先行词有人又有物时；•7.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。不能用that的情况1.非限定性定语从句中2.先行词本身是that釜底摸薪•请为下列句子选择恰当的关系词：•as,where,who,when,that,which,whose,why,•1.Naturalselectionwouldfavorthoseantelope___couldoutrunacheetah.•2.Soldiersopenedfireonacar___failedtostopatanarmycheckpoint.•3.ApioneerofmoderndancewasDuncan,___wasbornin1878.•4.That’sthenewmachine___partsaretoosmalltobeseen.•5.Therearetimes___peoplewillviolatethesemaximsonpurpose.•6.Weallhadexperiences___oursenseshavebeenwrong.•7.Unsuccessfulpeoplecanalwaysfindreasons___theyarenotdoingwell.•8.___youmighthaveguessed,glaciersgenerallymovereallyslowly.釜底摸薪•请为下列句子选择恰当的关系词：•1.Naturalselectionwouldfavorthoseantelope___couldoutrunacheetah.•2.Soldiersopenedfireonacar___failedtostopatanarmycheckpoint.•3.ApioneerofmoderndancewasDuncan,___wasbornin1878.•4.That’sthenewmachine___partsaretoosmalltobeseen.•5.Therearetimes___peoplewillviolatethesemaximsonpurpose.•6.Weallhadexperiences__