尼克松简介(英语)

RichardMilhousNixon(1913.1.9--1994.4.22)RichardMilhousNixon----the37thPresidentoftheUSA(1969.1.20-1973.1.20,1973.1.20-1974.8.9)NixonwasbornonJanuary9,1913,California.Hisfatheristheownerofadepartmentstores.HegraduatedfromWhittierCollegeandDukeUniversity(惠蒂尔学院和迪克大学).Firstheworkedasalawyer,thenjoinedtheNavy,whenhedemobilized(复员),hewaselectedtotheSenate.In1946,NixonwaselectedRepublicanU.S.HouseofRepresentatives(美国众议院共和党议员)asthebeginningofthecareerinpolitics.In1952,he,asEisenhower(艾森豪威尔)'srunningmate（竞选伙伴）,waselectedVicePresident,diditfor4years.In1960,1964,Nixonranforpresidenttwice,butfailed.Afterhisdefeat,NixonworkedasalawyerinLosAngelesandNewYork.Nixonreturnedtopoliticsin1968,theyearofU.S.presidentialelection,hebeattheothers,waselectedthe37thpresidentoftheUnitedStates.InJanuary1973hewasre-electedthepresident.Aftertheruling,internally,Nixon’sobjectiveistopreventinflation,torevivetheU.S.economy.Externally,heproposedtheNixonDoctrineandtodirectcontactwithChina.Nixon’sfirstvisittoChinawasinFebruary1972,openedthedoortobilateralrelations(双边关系）.DuringhisstayinChinatheU.S.Governmentissuedthefamous“ShanghaiCommunique（公报）.”NixonopenedthedoorforSino-USrelations(中美关系）.In1974,becauseofWatergate,Nixonresigned,becomingthefirstU.S.presidenttoresign.1.ElectionNixon,alawyer,servedastheNavy,thehighestrankisjustamajor(少校).Butheisaverypoliticallymindedperson,thesecondyearaftertheendofWorldWarIIwaselectedasmembersofCongress.In1952,he,asEisenhower'srunningmate,waselectedVicePresident.Hewasonly39yearsoldatthetime,becomeoneoftheyoungestVicePresidentinthehistory!In1959hewaselectedRepublican（共和党)presidentialcandidate.Hetookasteptothepresidency,unfortunately,hewasdefeatedbyJohnF.Kennedyinanarrowvoteinthepresidentialcampaign,sothatstepwasforcedtowithdraw.Afterhisdefeat,NixonworkedasalawyerinLosAngelesandNewYork.Butthesurgingheartisnotwillingtobeordinary,Afternineyears,Nixonreturnedtopolitics,andinthatyear'sU.S.presidentialelection,hedefeatedDemocrat(民主党)Humphrey(汉弗莱）andindependentcandidatesWallace(华莱士),electedthe37thPresidentofUnitedStates,welcomedthepeakofhispoliticalcareer.Fromtheaboveprofile,wecanknow:Nixonwasborninapoorfamily.ItcanbesaidthatNixonwasapooryoungmanwithoutanybackground,suchapersontogoinpolitics,atthetimewasnotfavored.However,Nixongaveusamiracle(奇迹)!WhatcanwelearnfromthehistoryofNixon'sstruggle?Fromapoorboytothepresident,fromanordinarypersontoaruler…………2.NixonDoctrineSpeakingoftheNixonDoctrine,weshouldfirstmentiontheTrumanDoctrine（杜鲁门主义）.AfterWorldWarII,Germany,Italy,Japan-thethreefascist(法西斯)countriessuffercompletefailure,whileBritainandFranceweakenseverely,onlytheUnitedStates,reliesonthewardevelopedintheeconomicandmilitarypower.Ithasachieveddominanceintheworld.Therefore,onMarch12,1947,theUnitedStatesproposedtheTrumanDoctrine,infact,tointerfereintheinternalaffairsofothercountries,markingthecoldwarbegin.Thisisacontraction（方针）toshrinktheworld‘sobligationoftheUSA(收缩美国的全球义务）toadjustthenewpolicyofinternationalrelationsanddiplomacy.Themid-20thcentury,US-SovietColdWarintensified,thegrowthofpowerofthesecondworld,especiallytheriseoftheThirdWorld,theUnitedStatesgetintotheVietnamWar（越南战争）,andthebreakoutofthedomesticvarietyofthecrisis,theNixonDoctrinecameintobeing.ThecentralpointofitistodefendtheUnitedStateswillnolongerbearthefullresponsibilityfortheworld'sfreecountriesHowever,totheNixonera,facingnewcircumstances,theNixonDoctrinewasputforward.194770sEuro-centricstrategyforglobaloffensive（欧洲为中心的全球性进攻战略）Tostrategicdefenseonthedefensive（转为战略防御处于守势）TrumanDoctrine”and“NixonDoctrine”3.Sino-USrelations(中美关系)Createaworldofpeace,the37thpresidentoftheUnitedStatesRichardNixon•WithoutChinaandits750millionpeopletoparticipate,therecanbenotstableandlastingpeace.-NixonBiographyP.244Nixon'svisittoPakistan（巴基斯坦）,healsosaid:ChinaandtheU.S.Ahavebeenrecriminated(反责),hostilebetweeneachotherfor20years,Iwouldliketoendthissituation.-NixonBiographyP.208BackgroundUSAChinaThebreakdownofSino-Sovietrelations,ChinafacespressureChina'snationalstrength,enhancetheinternationalstatusTheUnitedStatesboggeddown(陷入困境)intheVietnamWarWesternEuropeandJapanchallengetheUnitedStatesTheyweredefensiveintheSovietpowerSovietUnionProcess1.Exploratorytrip------ping-pongdiplomacySino-USrelations“thaw(解冻)”isinneedofanopportunityatthattime.MaoZedongandZhouEnlaiattachgreatimportance(重视）totheping-pongplayers’exchangebetweenChinaandUSA,sotheyinvitedtheU.S.tabletennisteamtovisitChina,whichbeganthepingpongdiplomacy.asmallballtopromotethebigball2.Whirlwindtour（旋风之旅）---Kissinger（基辛格）'ssecretvisittoChina3.Icebreakingtrip–Nixon’svisittoChinaMr.President,youreachedacrossthemostvastoceantoshakemyhand.22yearsofnocontactbetweenus!---ZhouEnlaiWhenweheldhands,oneeraendedandanothererabegin.-MemoirsofRichardNixonThetoastchangestheworldAhandshakeacrossthemostvastocean;Atrip,getridofthemostsolidice;Abulletin(公告),shockedtheworldpattern.ItallhappenedinjustsevendaysFebruary21,1972to28Sevendaystochangetheworldhistory.------Nixon’svisittoChina4.WatergateTheso-calledWatergatereferstotheheadquartersoftheD